between the prescribed fasts and those that are not prescribed, and so that worship may be set apart from all other activities. The same holds for distinguishing the Friday prayer, which God has made obligatory, from anything else.

Moreover, many innovators—such as the Rāfiḍah and others—do not intend to pray Jumuʿah at all; instead, they intend only the Ẓuhr prayer. Outwardly they give the impression that they have completed the Friday service, yet they have not. They perform Ẓuhr while on-lookers assume they are offering the Sunnah prayer. When a clear line is drawn between what is obligatory and what is voluntary, this innovation is thereby prevented. There are many parallels to this, and God, exalted is He, knows best.