and other similar conditions. None of these is required for the Zuhr prayer. Therefore, the rulings of Jumuʿah may not be inferred from those of Zuhr when Friday prayer possesses regulations that set it apart from Zuhr. For if Jumuʿah shares certain rulings with Zuhr yet differs from it in others, the matter in dispute cannot be linked to either one without specific evidence. Thus, treating the regular Sunnah prayer as part of the common rulings is no more justified than treating it as one of the points of divergence.

The second line of argument is this: Even if we concede that Jumuʿah is merely a shortened Zuhr, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) never performed the regular Sunnah of a shortened Zuhr while traveling, neither