Chapter: Actions that are Disliked or Recommended While Fasting, and the Ruling on Making Up Missed Fasts

It is disliked for the fasting person to gather his saliva and then swallow it. Swallowing phlegm is forbidden, and it invalidates the fast only when the phlegm has reached the mouth. It is likewise disliked to taste food without need¹ or to chew hard, non-dissolving gum; if the taste of either reaches the throat, the fast is broken. Chewing gum that dissolves is unlawful if he then swallows the saliva mixed with it. Kissing is disliked for anyone whom it arouses.

The fasting person must refrain from lying, backbiting, and verbal abuse. It is recommended that, if insulted, he reply, “I am fasting,” and that he delay the pre-dawn meal while hastening the breaking of the fast at sunset.