Chapter: Acts That Invalidate the Fast and Require Expiation

A person’s fast is nullified—and expiation becomes obligatory—if, while deliberately aware that he is fasting, he eats, drinks, snuffs medication into his nose, administers an enema, applies kohl that reaches his throat, introduces anything into his body cavity other than through the urethra, deliberately induces vomiting¹, masturbates, fondles until he ejaculates or emits pre-seminal fluid, repeatedly looks (at something arousing) until he ejaculates, or performs cupping or is cupped² and blood is drawn.

His fast is not nullified if he forgets, is coerced, a fly or dust accidentally enters his throat, he ejaculates merely by thinking, experiences a wet dream, awakens with food in his mouth and expels it, bathes, rinses his mouth or nose—even if he exceeds three rinses or is overly thorough so that water reaches his throat.

Anyone who eats while unsure whether dawn has broken retains a valid fast. The fast is invalid, however, for one who eats while unsure whether the sun has set, or who assumes it is night and later discovers it was still daytime.

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Whoever has intercourse during the daytime of Ramadan, whether vaginal or anal, must both make up the day and pay the expiation. The same applies if he engages in intercourse short of full penetration and ejaculates, if the woman is excused, or if he has intercourse with—