Section

It is permissible to combine Zuhr and ʿAsr, and likewise Maghrib and ʿIshāʾ, offering them together in the time of either prayer when one is on a journey that allows shortening, or for a sick person who would experience hardship if he did not combine. The two night-prayers may also be joined because of rain that soaks the clothes, mud1, or a strong, biting wind, even if he prays at home or in a mosque reached by a covered walkway. Whichever option—advancing or delaying—is more convenient for him is preferable2.

If he combines in the time of the first prayer, he must intend the combination at the opening takbīr; he may not separate the two prayers by more than the time required for the iqāmah and a light ablution, and the combination is invalidated if he performs a regular sunnah prayer between them. The excuse must be present when he begins both prayers and when he concludes the first with salām.

If he combines in the time of the second prayer, he must have formed the intention to combine while still within the time of the first, provided enough time remained to perform it3, and the excuse must continue until the time of the second prayer enters.

Section

The prayer of fear (ṣalāt al-khawf) is authentically reported from the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—in several formats, all of which are valid. During this prayer it is recommended to carry whatever light weaponry will protect one without burdening him, such as a sword and the like.