The ḍuḥā prayer is recommended; its minimum is two rakʿahs and its maximum eight, and its time extends from the end of the prohibited period after sunrise until just before the sun reaches its zenith.

The prostration of recitation is itself a prayer. It is recommended for both the one who is reciting and the one who is listening attentively, but not for someone who merely hears without intending to listen. If the reciter does not prostrate, the listener does not prostrate. There are fourteen such prostrations in the Qur’an, two of them in Sūrat al-Ḥajj. He pronounces the takbīr when going down and again when rising, then sits, gives the salām, and does not recite the tashahhud.

It is disliked for an imam to recite a verse of prostration in a silent prayer and to prostrate during it; in other prayers the congregant must follow him.

The prostration of gratitude is recommended whenever a new blessing appears or a calamity is averted; performing it invalidates the prayer of anyone who is neither ignorant nor forgetful.

There are five times during which prayer is forbidden: from the break of the second dawn until sunrise; from sunrise until the sun has risen the span of a spear; while it is at its zenith until it declines; from the afternoon prayer until sunset; and from the moment it begins to set until it has completely disappeared.

Making up missed obligatory prayers is permissible in these times, and during three of them one may perform1 the two rakʿahs of ṭawāf. Repeating a congregational prayer is also permissible. Any other voluntary prayer is prohibited during any of the five periods, even those that normally have a specific reason.