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Sound reason: the testimony of an insane person or one who is mentally incapacitated is inadmissible, but it is accepted from someone who suffers intermittent seizures, provided he gives it while fully conscious.
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Speech: the testimony of a mute person is not accepted—even if his signs are intelligible—unless he renders it in his own handwriting.
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Islam.
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Reliable memory.
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Uprightness (ʿadālah). This rests on two elements:
a) Religious rectitude, meaning the faithful performance of the obligatory acts—together with their regular Sunnah supplements—and the avoidance of the forbidden, so that he neither commits a major sin nor persists in a minor one. The testimony of an openly sinful person is not accepted.[1]
b) Observance of propriety (murūʾah), that is, doing what ennobles and adorns him and shunning whatever tarnishes or disgraces him.
Whenever the impediments fall away—when the child reaches puberty, the insane regains sanity, the unbeliever embraces Islam, or the sinner repents—their testimony becomes admissible.