Among the conditions for liʿān is that the wife contradict him. Once the procedure is completed, the ḥadd and any discretionary punishment (taʿzīr) are lifted from the husband, and a permanent, irrevocable separation is established between the two of them.

Section

When a man’s wife gives birth and it is possible1 that the child is his, the child’s lineage is attributed to him, provided she delivers it no sooner than six months after intercourse first became possible and no later than four years after he divorced her. In addition, the husband must be of an age at which people can ordinarily beget children—such as a boy of ten—and if there is doubt about his having reached puberty, puberty is not presumed.

If a man admits to having had intercourse with his slave woman—whether vaginally or otherwise—and she then gives birth six months2 or more later, her child is ascribed to him unless he claims that she underwent an istibrāʾ (a waiting period to verify that she was not already pregnant) and swears to it. Even if he says, “I had intercourse with her outside the vagina,” or “I did so without ejaculating,” or “I practiced coitus interruptus,” the child is still attributed to him. Should he emancipate her or sell her after acknowledging intercourse, and she produces a child in less than six months, the child is nevertheless his and the sale is invalid.