If either spouse dies before consummation and before the dower has been fixed, the survivor inherits from the deceased, and she is entitled to the customary dower of women of her rank.

If he divorces her before consummation, she is entitled to a consolatory gift (mutʿa) commensurate with his financial means, rich or poor,1 and, once consummation takes place, the customary dower becomes firmly due; but if he divorces her after consummation, no consolatory gift is payable.

If the couple separate from an invalid (fāsid) marriage before consummation or lawful seclusion, no dower is due; but once either of those two events has occurred, the named dower becomes obligatory.

The customary dower is also required for any woman who is penetrated under a mistaken assumption of legality or who is raped, and no additional compensation is owed for the loss of virginity.

A wife may withhold herself until she receives the portion of her dower that is immediately due; but if the dower is deferred, or its term falls due before she has surrendered herself, or if she voluntarily presents herself, she no longer has the right to refuse.2

Should he become unable to pay the prompt dower, she may seek annulment of the marriage—even after consummation—but only a judge may pronounce the annulment.