Zād al-Mustaqniʿ - Al-Hajjawi - (117)

Chapter on Assignment (ḥawāla)

An assignment is valid only for a debt that is already established; the establishment of the debt owed by the transferee1 is not required. For the contract to stand, the two debts must correspond in kind, quality, and maturity, while any difference in amount is immaterial. Once the assignment is concluded, liability shifts to the transferee and the assignor is released. The assignor’s consent is indispensable; neither the transferee’s consent nor that of the creditor2 is needed when the transferee is solvent. If the transferee later turns out to be insolvent3 and the creditor had not previously consented, the creditor may return to the assignor for payment.

If someone is assigned the price of a sale—or the price is assigned upon him4—and the sale is subsequently found to be void, the assignment itself is void. Should the sale be rescinded rather than voided, the assignment is unaffected, and either party may execute a fresh assignment.

1) Manuscripts J and M read: “bihi.” 2) Manuscript M omits the word “rida.” 3) All extant copies and the main commentary read as here, in agreement with the wording of al-Muqniʿ; manuscript M instead has “kana.” 4) Manuscript M presents the words in a different order.

باب الحوالة لا تصح إلا على دين مستقر ولا يعتبر استقرار المحال فيه١, ويشترط اتفاق الدينين جنسا ووصفا ووقتا "وقدرا", "ولا يؤثر الفاضل". وإذا صحت نقل الحق إلى ذمة المحال عليه وبرئ المحيل ويعتبر رضاه لا رضا المحال عليه ولا رضا٢ المحتال على مليء وإن بان٣ مفلسا ولم يكن رضي رجع به. ومن أحيل بثمن مبيع أو أحيل عليه به٤ فبان البيع باطلا فلا حوالة, وإذا فسخ البيع لم تبطل, ولهما أن يحيلا.

١في "ج" و "م": به. ٢سقط من "م": رضا. ٣هكذا في النسخ وهكذا في الشرح وهو موافق للفظ المقنع، وفي "م": كان. ٤ في "م": تقديم وتأخير.