Zād al-Mustaqniʿ - Al-Hajjawi - (107)

—it is dissolved both outwardly and inwardly. If they differ over a due date or any other stipulation, the statement of the one who denies its existence is accepted; and if they disagree about the very object of sale, they must both swear an oath and the transaction is void.

If each party refuses to hand over what is in his possession until he receives the counter-value, and the price is a tangible asset, a trustworthy agent is appointed to take possession from them both, deliver the commodity first and then the price. If the price is an immediate debt, the authorities compel the seller to deliver the goods and then compel the buyer to pay, provided the money is present in the session. If the money is absent yet within the same town, the buyer is interdicted with respect to the commodity and the rest of his property until he brings it. But if it is far away and the buyer is insolvent, the seller¹ has the right to rescind.

The option of rescission remains valid when the description proves inaccurate or the condition of the item has changed² from what the buyer previously saw.

Section

When someone purchases a commodity sold by measure or the like, the sale is sound and binding at the moment of contract, yet the buyer may not dispose of it until he has taken possession. If the item is destroyed before possession, the loss is borne by the seller; and if it perishes through a heavenly calamity, the sale is cancelled. If a human being destroys it, the buyer may choose either to annul the sale or to uphold it and seek a substitute from the destroyer. As for anything other than the measured commodity, the buyer may dispose of it before possession, for the risk of loss for items other than those sold by measure and the like³ rests with him—unless the seller prevents him from taking delivery.

Possession of what is sold by measure or weight—or by count or length—is secured by actually measuring, weighing, counting, or gauging it. A heap of goods is possessed by scooping it off, items usually moved by conveyance by moving them, articles normally taken by hand by taking them in hand, and all other goods by simple relinquishment.

(1) Manuscript M reads: “fa li-l-ba’i” (the right belongs to the seller). (2) Manuscript M reads: “wa li-taghyir” (and for alteration). (3) Manuscript A omits the phrase: “ma ‘ada al-mabi‘ bi-kayl wa nahwihi” (except items sold by measure or similar means).

انفسخ ظاهرا وباطنا وإن اختلفا في أجل أو شرط فقول من ينفيه وإن اختلفا في عين المبيع تحالفا وبطل البيع. وان أبى كل منهما تسليم ما بيده حتى يقبض العوض والثمن عين نصب عدل يقبض منهما ويسلم "المبيع ثم الثمن" وإن كان دينا "حالا" أجبر بائع ثم مشتر إن كان الثمن في المجلس وان كان غائبا في البلد حجر عليه في المبيع وبقية ماله حتى يحضره وان كان غائبا بعيدا عنها والمشترى معسر فلبائع١ الفسخ. ويثبت الخيار للخلف في الصفة وتغير٢ ما تقدمت رؤيته. فصل ومن اشترى مكيلا ونحوه "صح ولزم بالعقد" ولم يصح تصرفه فيه حتى يقبضه وإن تلف قبل قبضه فمن ضمان البائع "وإن تلف بآفة سماوية بطل البيع" وإن أتلفه آدمي خير مشتر بين فسخ وإمضاء ومطالبة متلفه ببدله وما عداه يجوز تصرف المشتري فيه قبل قبضه لأن تلف ما عدا المبيع بكيل ونحوه٣ فمن ضمانه "ما لم يمنعه بائع من قبضه". ويحصل قبض ما بيع بكيل أو وزن "أو عد أو ذرع" بذلك وفي صبرة وما ينقل بمنقله وما يتناول بتناوله وغيره بتخليته.

١ في "م": "فللبائع". ٢ في "م": "ولتغير". ٣ سقط من "أ": "ما عدا المبيع بكيل ونحوه".