, and over a splint that does not exceed what necessity requires—even in the case of major impurity—until it is removed, provided it was applied after full purification had been completed.
Whoever began wiping while travelling and then settled, or the reverse, or is unsure when he first started, follows the ruling for a resident. If he incurred minor impurity while resident and then travelled before wiping, he follows the ruling for a traveller.
One may not wipe over skull-caps, loose wrappings, footwear that slips off the foot, or anything through which part of the foot is visible.¹ If someone puts on one leather sock over another before losing his state of purity, the ruling applies to the upper pair.
He wipes over most of the turban, and over the upper surface of the footwear—from the toes up to the shin—excluding the underside and the heel, and he wipes over the entire splint.
Whenever, after impurity is incurred, any portion of the area that must be washed becomes exposed, or the prescribed time expires, he must renew his ablution.