Zād al-Mustaqniʿ - Al-Hajjawi - (99)

and they are not to be greeted first with the greeting of peace.1 They are to be prevented from erecting new churches or synagogues, from rebuilding any that have collapsed—even if their destruction was wrongful—and from raising any structure higher than that of a Muslim or even equal to it.2 Nor may they display wine or swine in public, ring bells, or recite their scriptures aloud.

If a Christian adopts Judaism, or a Jew becomes a Christian, such a change is not sanctioned; nothing will be accepted from him except Islam or his original religion.

Section

Should a dhimmī refuse to pay the jizya, decline to submit to Islamic rule, or assault a Muslim through murder, fornication, highway robbery, espionage,3 harboring a spy, or by speaking ill of Allah, His Messenger, or His Book, his covenant is thereby annulled—excluding his wives and children4—and his life and property become licit.

(1) In manuscripts A and B the negative particle la is missing in both occurrences; its omission could yield a sense different from what the author intended. (2) Manuscript M reads: “la min musawātihi.” (3) All the manuscripts—and the earliest printed commentaries—have the same wording; a few later prints, however, read “tajassus.” (4) Manuscript B adds the words: “wa-khaddāmihi” (and his attendants).

ولا بداءتهم١ بالسلام ويمنعون من إحداث كنائس وبيع وبناء ما انهدم منها "ولو ظلما" ومن تعلية بنيان على مسلم لا مساواته٢ له ومن إظهار خمر وخنزير وناقوس وجهر بكتابهم. وإن تهود نصراني أو عكسه لم يقر ولم يقبل منه إلا الإسلام أو دينه. فصل فان أبى الذمي بذل الجزية أو التزام حكم الإسلام أو تعدى على مسلم بقتل أو زنا أو قطع طريق أو تجسيس٣ أو إيواء جاسوس أو ذكر الله أو رسوله أو كتابه بسوء انتقض عهده دون نسائه وأولاده٤ وحل دمه وماله.

١ في "أ" و "ب" بدون حرف النفي "لا" في الموضعين وإسقاطه قد يفيد معنى مغايرا للمقصود. ٢ في "م": "لا من مساواته". ٣ هكذا في جميع النسخ وكذلك في طبعات الشرح القديمة, وفي بعض المطبوع: "تجسس". ٤ في "ب" زيادة: "وخدامه".