Imam Ahmad (d. 241 AH), may Allah have mercy on him, said: “The Jahmiyyah split into three factions: those who state that it (the Quran) is created, those who are uncertain, and those who declare, ‘Our articulation of the Quran is created.’”¹

Abu Zurʿah (d. 264 AH) and Abu Hatim (d. 277 AH), both from Rayy, said: “Whoever says, ‘My recitation of the Quran is created,’ is a Jahmi, and whoever says, ‘The Quran—in my recitation—is created,’ is a Jahmi.”²

Harb ibn Ismaʿil al-Karmani (d. 280 AH) stated: “The clear, upright truth upon which we found the scholars is that anyone who claims our utterances and recitation of the Quran are created is a vile, innovating Jahmi.”³

Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah (d. 728 AH), may Allah have mercy on him, said: “As for the second innovation related to the revealed Quran—namely, the servants’ recitation of it, which is the ‘Lafziyyah question’—the scholars repudiated the innovation of the Lafziyyah who…"