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It is disliked, when relieving oneself, to face the sun or the moon 1, the direction of the wind, to speak 2, or to urinate into a vessel, a crevice, or a fire. Urinating while standing, however, is not disliked.
It is unlawful to face the qiblah or turn one’s back to it in the open desert when no barrier is present; lowering one’s garment so that it hangs down is a sufficient screen.
It is likewise unlawful to urinate or defecate on a frequently used pathway, in beneficial shade, beneath a tree whose fruit people seek, or among the graves of Muslims, and to remain in the place longer than one’s need.
(1) Ibn al-Qayyim remarks that on this question nothing at all has been transmitted from the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—whether through an authentic chain, a weak one, a mursal report, or a fully connected isnad; the issue therefore has no foundation in the Sharia. Miftah Dar al-Sa‘ada, vol. 2, pp. 205–206.
(2) Al-Ghaya, 1:18, and Al-Iqna‘, 1:15, state: “Speaking becomes obligatory when it is needed to warn someone who is legally protected, such as a blind person or someone unaware.” By contrast, Al-Muntaha, 1:13, considers speaking to be disliked in all circumstances.
ويكره في حال التخلي استقبال الشمس والقمر١ ومهب الريح والكلام٢ والبول في إناء وشق ونار ولا يكره البول.
قائما ويحرم استقبال القبلة واستدبارها في الصحراء بلا حائل ويكفي إرخاء ذيله.
وأن يبول أو يتغوط بطريق مسلوك وظل نافع وتحت شجرة عليها ثمر يقصد وبين قبور المسلمين.
وأن يلبث فوق قدر حاجته.
١ قال ابن القيم: لم ينقل عن النبي ﷺ في ذلك كلمة واحدة لا بإسناد صحيح ولا ضعيف ولا مرسل ولا متصل وليس لهذه المسألة أصل في الشرع. مفتاح دار السعادة "٢/٢٠٥-٢٠٦".
٢ قال في الغاية "١/١٨" والإقناع "١/١٥": "ويجب الكلام لتحذير معصوم كأعمى وغافل". وفي المنتهى "١/١٣": كره الكلام مطلقا".