16
Chapter: Zakāh on Grazing Livestock
Zakāh is obligatory on such animals when three conditions are fulfilled:
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They are kept for milk, breeding, and fattening, not for labor.
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They graze2 on free, lawful pasture for most of the year.
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They reach the nisab (minimum threshold).
The minimum nisab for camels is five, for which one sheep is due. For every additional five3, another sheep is required, up to twenty-five4, at which point a bint makhāḍ (a female camel that has entered its second year) becomes obligatory. When they reach thirty-six, a bint labūn (a female camel that has completed two years) is due; at forty-six5, a ḥiqqah (a female camel in its fourth year); at sixty-one, a jadhaʿah (a female camel in its fifth year); and at seventy-six6.
(2) This statement makes it explicit that pasturing (al-sawm) is a prerequisite for the obligation of zakat on livestock, a view affirmed in al-Iqnaʿ. Consequently, one may not pay the zakat in advance before the animals are actually put out to pasture. The author of al-Ghayah likewise rules that the absence of pasturing prevents zakat from becoming due, because pasturing is a condition; al-Muntaha reaches the same decisive conclusion. Therefore, advancing the zakat before pasturing begins is invalid. Hashiyat al-Labadi, p. 117.
(3) In manuscript A the figure reads “five.”
(4) In manuscripts B and M the figure reads “five.”
(5) In manuscript A the figure reads “six.”
(6) In manuscript A the figure reads “six.”
باب زكاة السائمة
تجب فيها بثلاثة شروط:
إحداها: أن تتخذ للدر والنسل والتسمين لا للعمل.
الثاني: أن تسوم٢ أي: ترعى المباح أكثر الحول.
الثالث: أن تبلغ نصابا.
فأقل نصاب الإبل خمس وفيها شاة ثم في كال خمس٣ شاة إلى خمسة٤ وعشرين فتجب بنت مخاض وهي ما تم لها سنة وفي ست وثلاثين بنت لبون لها سنتان وفي ست٥ وأربعين حقه لها ثلاث سنين وفي إحدى وستين جذعه لها أربع سنين وفي ست٦ وسبعين.
٢ هذا صريح في السوم شرط لوجوب الزكاة في الماشية, وجزم به في الإقناع, وعليه فلا يصح تعجيل الزكاة قبل الشروع في السوم, وجزم المصنف في الغاية بأن عدم السوم مانع عن وجوب الزكاة, لأن أن السوم شرط, وقطع به في المنتهى وعليه فيصبح تعجيل الزكاة قبل الشروع فيه. حاشية اللبدي "ص: ١١٧".
٣ في "أ" "خمسة".
٤ في "ب", و "م" "خمسة".
٥ في "أ" "ستة".
٦ في "أ" "ستة".