Section on the Prohibited Times

They are: (1) from the break of dawn until the sun has risen a spear’s length above the horizon; (2) from the completion of the ʿAsr prayer until sunset; and (3) while the sun stands at its zenith until it begins to decline.

During these intervals supererogatory prayers are forbidden and do not count, even if the worshipper is unaware of the time or of the prohibition—except for: the two rakʿahs that precede Fajr, the two rakʿahs performed after circumambulating the Kaʿba, the sunnah of Ẓuhr3 when Ẓuhr is combined with another prayer, and repeating a congregational prayer that has already been established while one is still in4 the mosque.

Within these periods it remains permissible to make up missed obligatory prayers and to fulfil vowed prayers, even when the vow was taken for that very time.

For the post-ʿAsr prohibition, what matters is completing one’s own ʿAsr prayer, not merely beginning it; therefore, if he pronounces the opening takbīr during that time and then converts the prayer into a voluntary act, this does not bar him from other voluntary prayers thereafter.

Reciting the Quran is permissible while travelling along the road, in a state of minor ritual impurity, or when one’s clothes, body, or mouth are affected by impurity.

Memorising the Quran is a communal duty, and each individual is personally obliged to memorise whatever portions are required for the prayer.