Dalīl al-Ṭālib - Marʿi al-Karmi - (343)

Book of the Judiciary
Introduction
…
Book of the Judiciary

It is a collective obligation.

Hence the imām must appoint in every region a judge,1 choosing for the office the most outstanding person he can find in knowledge and piety, and he must enjoin him to fear Allah and to seek justice.

The conferment of judicial or gubernatorial authority is valid whether effected outright or made contingent upon a future event.

For the appointment to be sound it must come from the imām or his deputy, and he must specify for the appointee the scope of judgment, the responsibilities entrusted to him, and the locality.

The explicit formulas of appointment are seven:
“I have appointed you judge,” “I have invested you with it,”2 “I have delegated [authority to you],”3 “I have returned it to you,” “I have placed judgment in your hands,” “I have sworn you in,”4 and “I have deputized you to judge.”

As for implicit expressions such as: “I have relied on you,” “I have depended on you,”5 “I have entrusted you,” or “I have referred the matter to you,” they do not amount to a binding appointment unless accompanied by an indicator such as: “so judge,” or: “undertake what I have charged you with.”

1) Manuscript “M” adds the words “an” and “wa-an yakhtara,” while manuscript “N” inserts this addition into the commentary. 2) Manuscript “A” reads “qalladtuka.” 3) In manuscript “A,” the conjunction appears as “aw” instead of “wa.” 4) Manuscript “B” here, and again in the next occurrence, reads “aw” in place of “wa”; manuscript “N” does so only in the second instance. 5) Manuscripts “A” and “N” read “aw” instead of “wa.”

كتاب القضاء مدخل ... كتاب القضاء وهو فرض كفاية. فيجب على الإمام أن ينصب بكل إقليم قاضيا و١ يختار لذلك أفضل من يجد علما وورعا ويأمره بالتقوى وتحري العدل. وتصح ولاية القضاء والإمارة منجزة ومعلقة. وشرط لصحة التولية: كونها من إمام أو نائبه فيه وأن يعين له ما يوليه في الحكم والعمل وبلد. وألفاظ التولية الصريحة سبعة: وليتك الحكم أو قلدتكه٢ و٣فوضت أو رددت أو جعلت إليك الحكم و٤استحلفتك واستنبتك في الحكم. والكناية نحو: اعتمدت أو عولت عليك و٥ وكلتك أو أسندت إليك: لا تنعقد بها إلا بقرينة نحو: فاحكم أو: فتول ما عولت عليك فيه.

١ في "م" بزيادة: "أن" "وأن يختار" وفي "ن" أدرجها في الشرح. ٢ في "أ" "قلدتك". ٣ في "أ" "أو" بدل الواو. ٤. في "ب" هنا وفي الذي بعده "أو" بدل الواو. وفي "ن" في الثانية فقط ٥ في "أ" "أو" بدل الواو. وكذا في "ن".