withholds it from him until he dies; or he seizes another man’s food—or1 his drink—while that man is helpless, or takes away his riding beast or the tool with which he protects himself from a wild animal and the like, and the man perishes as a result, then he is liable for his death.

Section
If the person who falls upon a sleeper who is not blameworthy for sleeping there dies, his blood is without compensation; but if the sleeper dies, his blood is not wasted and diyah is due.

If an adult of sound mind entrusts himself—or his child—to a skilled swimmer for instruction and the pupil drowns; or he orders a legally accountable person to descend a well or climb a tree and that person dies; or a hired worker perishes while digging a well or building a wall because of a collapse or the like; or someone is able to rescue a life from destruction2 but fails to do so; or a man disciplines his child or his wife for disobedience, or a ruler disciplines his subjects without excess—then in all these cases the blood is unavenged and no diyah is owed.

But if he is excessive, goes beyond what achieves the purpose, or strikes one who lacks understanding, such as a minor3 or4 an incapacitated person, he is liable.

Whoever sleeps on a roof and it collapses beneath him is not liable for whatever is destroyed by the fall.