And the dower is reduced to one-half by a separation that originates with the husband—such as his pronouncing divorce, initiating a khulʿ, embracing Islam, or apostatising—and likewise when either of the two comes to own the other, or by a separation caused by an outsider, like breastfeeding and the like.

The entire dower becomes irrevocably due with the death of either spouse; through his consummation with her⦗1⦘; his touching her; his looking at her private parts with desire⦗2⦘; his divorcing her while he is in an illness from which she would inherit⦗3⦘⦗4⦘; his kissing her—even in public; and his secluding himself with her away from any discerning person, provided he is of an age able to have intercourse with a woman like her and she is of an age with whom intercourse is possible.

Section

If the spouses differ over the amount of the dower, its type, or the circumstance that makes it firmly due, the statement of the husband—or of his heir—prevails. If they differ over whether it has been received or whether a dower was actually named, the statement of the wife—or of her heir—prevails.

Should he contract two marriages with her for two dowers⦗5⦘—one kept secret⦗6⦘ and the other made public⦗7⦘—he is liable for the larger amount.

A husband’s gift is not part of the dower. Any gift given before the contract, if those who received it promised but did not fulfil, may be reclaimed⦗8⦘. Such a gift is returned in every voluntary separation that cancels the dower, whereas it remains entirely hers whenever the dower is confirmed, whether in full or by half.