Dalīl al-Ṭālib - Marʿi al-Karmi - (217)

in the very first stage of a life-threatening illness1, or she had asked him for a merely revocable divorce2 and he instead pronounced an irrevocable one, or—while ill3—he made her divorce contingent on something indispensable, or he later acknowledged that he had divorced her earlier while still healthy, or, during good health, he appointed an agent empowered to separate them whenever he wished and that agent carried it out during his terminal illness. In all these situations she inherits, even if her waiting period has expired, so long as she has not remarried nor apostatized.4

If the husband under suspicion divorces four wives, their waiting periods conclude, and he then marries another four, all eight women inherit equally, subject to the same condition.

The same ruling applies in his favor if, during her own life-threatening illness, she does something that dissolves the marriage while she is still in her waiting period: he inherits from her when she is likewise suspected of intending to disinherit him; otherwise, the right lapses.5

(1) Ibn al-Qayyim affirms that the first generations of the muhajirun (Meccan emigrants) and the ansar (Medinan helpers) allowed a thrice-divorced wife (*mubatta*) to inherit from her husband when he divorced her during his terminal illness, whenever there was suspicion that he meant to deprive her of the estate. They did so without hesitation, even if that specific intention could not be proven, because the divorce itself functions as a stratagem. When no such suspicion exists, the jurists differ: some argue that the illness already attached her right to the wealth and therefore it cannot be cut off, while others wish to block the stratagem altogether. Ibn al-Qayyim adds that this underlying legal dispute arose only after the time of the Companions. See: Ibn al-Qayyim, I‘lam al-muwaqqi‘in, 3/185. (2) MS A adds the words: “her divorce.” (3) MS M reads: “his death-illness” instead of “his illness.” (4) MS N omits the conjunction “and.” (5) MS N adds the word “his estate.”

مرض موته المخوف إبتداء١ أو سألته٢ رجعيا فطلقها بائنا أو علق في مرضه٣ طلاقها على مالا غنى عنه أو أقر أنه طلقها سابقا في حال صحته أو وكل في صحته من يبينها متى شاء فأبانها في مرض موته فترث في الجميع حتى و٤لو انقضت عدتها ما لم تتزوج أو ترتد: فلو طلق المتهم أربعا وانقضت عدتهن وتزوج أربعا سواهن ورث الثمان على السواء بشرطه. ويثبت له إن فعلت بمرض موتها المخوف ما يفسخ نكاحها ما دامت معتدة إن اتهمت وإلا سقط٥.

١ جزم ابن القيم: أن الأولين من المهاجرين والأنصار ورثوا المطلقة المبتوتة في مرض الموت حيث يتهم بقصد حرمانها الميراث بلا تردد وإن لم يقصد الحرمان لأن الطلاق ذريعة وأما إذا لم يتهم ففيه خلاف معروف مأخذه أن المرض أوجب تعلق حقها بماله فلا يمكن من قطعة أو سدا للذريعة بالكلية وإن كان في الأصل المسألة خلاف متأخر عن السابقين. إعلام الموقعين "٣/١٨٥". ٢ في "أ" زيادة "طلاقها". ٣ في "م" "مرض موته" بدل "مرضه". ٤ في "ن" بدون الواو. ٥ في "ن" زيادة "ميراثه".