Book of Inheritance
Introduction
Inheritance law is the science of apportioning estates.

When a person dies, the first charge on his estate is the cost of the shroud, the perfuming of the body, and all funeral expenses. These are taken from the principal of his assets, whether or not the estate is encumbered by a pledge, a liability for injury compensation, or the like. Whatever remains is then used to settle the claims owed to Allah and the debts owed to human beings ⦗1⦘. After that, his bequests are carried out, up to one-third of the estate ⦗2⦘. Whatever is left is distributed among his heirs.

Section
The causes that give rise to inheritance are three: (1) lawful kinship, (2) a valid marriage, and (3) the bond of walāʾ (patronage through manumission).

Its impediments are three: homicide, slavery, and difference of religion.

The males whose right to inherit is unanimously agreed upon, in brief, are ten: the son and his male descendants however remote; the father and his male ancestors however remote; the brother in all his types; the brother’s son other than a uterine nephew; the paternal uncle and his son in the same manner; the husband; and the male patron by manumission.

As for females, those whose right to inherit is unanimously agreed upon, in brief, are seven: the daughter; the son’s daughter however remote; the mother; the grandmother in any degree; the sister in all her types; the wife; and the female patron by manumission.