Dalīl al-ṬālibMarʿi al-Karmi

Chapter on the Subject-Matter of a Bequest
A bequest remains valid even for something that may not lawfully be sold:
— such as a runaway slave, a stray animal, a bird in flight, a fetus still in the womb, or milk that is still in the udder2;
— and even for something non-existent, such as whatever a man’s slave-girl or tree may produce, whether for all time or for a stated period3.
If the thing subsequently comes into being, it belongs to the legatee, except for the slave-girl’s offspring, in which case he is entitled only to its value on the day it is born.

A bequest is also valid for property that carries no monetary value in law, like a dog whose use is permissible or oil that has become impure; it is valid for a single benefit, such as the service of a slave, the rent of a house, and the like; and it is valid for an unspecified item, as when one says “a garment,” in which case the legatee receives whatever the term properly denotes.

Where the customary usage of a term and its technical legal meaning differ, the legal meaning takes precedence4.

(2) Al-Harithi challenges the comparison with milk remaining in the udder, arguing that, although it can in principle be handed over, it still belongs to the category of the unknown or non-existent, for it is produced gradually. Labbadi, Hashiya, p. 264. (3) Shaykh al-Islam says: What appears to me is that a bequest concerning a foetus is invalid, since the rationale of separation (tafriq) is not limited to sales but extends to every form of separation except manumission and the ransoming of a prisoner. Hashiyat al-Rawd, 6/65. (4) This opinion is declared sound in al-Munqih; it is also held by al-Qadi, Abu al-Khattab, Ibn Aqil and others, and it is adopted categorically in al-Muntaha. Hashiyat al-Rawd, 6/67. Al-Marfaq (al-Mughni, 8/567) and several scholars prefer that custom take precedence, as it is what first comes to mind.
باب الموصى به تصح الوصية حتى بما لا يصح بيعه: كالآبق والشارد والطير بالهواء والحمل بالبطن واللبن بالضرع٢ وبالمعدوم: كبما تحمل٣ أمته أو شجرته أبدا أو مدة معلومة. فإن حصل شيء فللموصى له إلا حمل الأمة فقيمته يوم وضعه. وتصح بغير مال ككلب مباح النفع وزيت متنجس وتصح بالمنفعة المفردة كخدمة عبد وأجرة دار ونحوهما وتصح بالمبهم كثوب ويعطى ما يقع عليه الاسم. فان اختلف الاسم بالعرف والحقيقة غلبت الحقيقة٤.
٢ ناقش الحارثي في التمثيل باللبن في الضرع بأنه غير معجوز عن تسليمه لكنه من نوع المجهول أو المعدوم لتجدده شيئا فشيئا. حاشية اللبدي "ص: ٢٦٤". ٣ قال شيخ الإسلام: الذي يظهر لي أنه لا تصح الوصية بالحمل نظرا إلى علة التفريق إذ ليس التفريق مختصا بالبيع بل هو عام كل تفريق إلا العتق وافتداء الأسير. حاشية الروض "٦/٦٥". ٤ صححه في المنقح وهو قول القاضي وأبي الخطاب وابن عقيل وغيرهم وجزم به في المنتهى. حاشية الروض "٦/٦٧" واختار المرفق "المغني ٨/٥٦٧" وجماعة: يقدم العرف لأنه المتبادر إلى الفهم.

Company

  • About
  • Pricing
  • Why Translate?

Support

  • Contact us
  • Report a bug
  • Support us
  • Donate
  • AI combat arena

Follow us

© 2026 Kutub. All rights reserved.
Terms and conditionsPrivacy policyCookies