his clothes; if any water still remains, he must wash his body, and if something is left after that he completes his purification with it1; otherwise, he performs tayammum.

Tayammum is valid for every state of ritual impurity and for filth on the body once it has been reduced as much as possible; should one perform tayammum for it before reducing it, the tayammum is invalid.

Eighth: the earth used must be clean, legally permissible, unburnt dust that clings to the hand. If he finds none of that, he performs only the obligatory prayer in whatever state he is in, adds nothing beyond the minimum that renders the prayer valid, and is not required to repeat it.

Section

The obligatory element of tayammum is pronouncing the basmalah, which is waived if forgotten. Its five pillars are:

1. Wiping the face;
2. Wiping the hands up to the wrists;
3. Observing the prescribed order as in minor ablution—so if part of his wuduʾ limb is wounded, he must make tayammum for that limb when its turn comes, just as he would wash it were it healthy;
4. Maintaining continuity (muwālāt), which obliges him to repeat2 washing the sound limbs each time he performs tayammum;
5. Specifying the intention for which the tayammum is being made—whether for ritual impurity or for filth. Intending one does not suffice for the other, though intending both together is acceptable.

Its nullifiers are five: whatever nullifies wuḍūʾ, finding water, the expiration of the prayer time, the disappearance of the excuse that permitted tayammum, and removing whatever item he had wiped over.