16
It is recommended to perform wuḍū with one mudd1 of water—the equivalent of one and a third Iraqi ratls, or two uqiyyahs and four-sevenths2 by the Jerusalem measure—and to perform ghusl with one sāʿ, which equals five and one-third Iraqi ratls3, or ten uqiyyahs and two-sevenths according to the Jerusalem measure.
Wasteful use of water is disliked; achieving full coverage with less than these amounts is not.
Bathing in a mosque is permissible so long as it causes no offence. Bathing in a public bathhouse is likewise permissible when one is confident of avoiding anything unlawful; if wrongdoing is merely feared it becomes disliked, and if it is certain to occur it is forbidden.
Section: Recommended Baths
Recommended baths number sixteen:
- The most emphatic is for the Friday prayer, on its day, for anyone who will attend the sermon.
- After washing a deceased person.
- For an ‘Eid prayer, on its day.4
- For an eclipse prayer.
- For the prayer for rain (istisqā’).
- After recovery from insanity.
- After regaining consciousness from fainting.
- For a woman suffering from irregular bleeding (istihāḍah), before every prayer.5
- When assuming iḥrām.
- Upon entering Mecca.
- Upon entering its sacred precinct.
- Before standing at ‘Arafah.6
- Before performing the ṭawāf of visitation.
- Before the farewell ṭawāf.
- After spending the night at Muzdalifah.
- Before stoning the Jamarāt.7
(1) Al-mudd: a dry measure equivalent to the amount that fills both hands when cupped together and then stretched out; hence the name. Its modern weight is approximately 509 g, although some authorities put it at 543 g. See: al-Qamus al-Muhit, p. 407; al-Maqadir al-Sharʿiyya, p. 227; Muʿjam Lughah al-Fuqaha, p. 45.
(2) In manuscript N an additional term appears: “uqiyya” (ounce).
(3) Manuscript N also adds the word “ratl” (pound).
(4) Manuscript N reads “yawmiyya,” which is an error.
(5) Manuscript A (and B) reads “istihada” instead of “li-istihada.”
(6) Manuscripts A and B, as well as N, read “wa wuquf” instead of “li-wuquf.”
(7) The prescribed time for performing ghusl before the prayer for rain (salat al-istisqa) is when one intends to leave for the prayer; for an eclipse, when it actually occurs; and during the pilgrimage, when one is about to perform the forthcoming rite. See al-Insaf, 1/248.
ويسن الوضوء بمد١ وهو رطل وثلث بالعراقي وأوقيتان وأربعة أسباع٢ بالقدسي والاغتسال بصاع وهو خمسة أرطال وثلث٣ بالعراقي وعشر أواق وسبعان بالقدسي.
ويكره: الإسراف لا الإسباغ بدون ما ذكر.
ويباح الغسل في المسجد ما لم يؤذ به وفي الحمام إن أمن الوقوع في المحرم فإن خيف كره وإن علم حرم.
فصل في الأغسال المستحبة
وهي ستة عشر: آكدها لصلاة جمعة في يومها لذكر حضرها ثم لغسل ميت ثم لعيد في يومه٤ ولكسوف واستسقاء وجنون وإغماء ولاستحاضة٥ لكل صلاة ولإحرام ولدخول مكة وحرمها ولوقوف٦ بعرفة وطواف زيارة وطواف وداع ومبيت بمزدلفة ورمي جمار٧.
١ المد: مكيال يوزن به, ومقدار ملء كفي الإنسان إذا ملأهما, ومد يده بهما, ومنه سمي مدا. وهو يساوي: "٥٠٩" جرام, وقيل: "٥٤٣" جرما.
انظر: القاموس المحيط "ص: ٤٠٧", المقادير الشرعية "ص: ٢٢٧", معجم لغة الفقهاء "ص: ٤٥".
٢ في "ن" زيادة: "أوقية".
٣ في "ن" زيادة: "رطل".
٤ في "ن" "يومية" وهو خطأ.
٥ في "أ" "استحاضة" بدل "لاستحاضة".
٦ في "أ", و"ب" "ووقوف" بدل "لوقوف" وكذا في "ن".
٧ وقت الغسل للاستسقاء عند إرادة الخروج للصلاة, وللكسوف عند وقوعه, وفي الحج عند إرادة النسك الذي يريد أن يفعله قريبا, قاله في الإنصاف "١/٢٤٨".