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The flow of lochial blood1.
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Death, in fulfillment of a devotional duty.
Section
The conditions for a valid ghusl are seven: the cessation of whatever necessitated it; the intention; Islam; sanity; discernment; permissible, purifying water; and the removal of anything that prevents the water from reaching the body.
Its mandatory element is pronouncing the basmalah, which is excused if forgotten.
Its essential integral is that water cover the entire body, including the inside of the mouth and nose, even the part of a woman’s private area that becomes visible when she squats to relieve herself, as well as the roots of her hair.
Undoing the hair is obligatory in cases of menstruation and lochia, but not for janābah.
A reasonable assumption of thoroughness is sufficient; absolute certainty is unnecessary.
Its recommended acts are: performing wuḍū beforehand; removing any filth on the body; pouring water over the head three times and over the rest of the body three times; beginning with the right side; maintaining continuity; rubbing the body with the hand; and washing the feet again in a different place.
Whoever intends either a recommended ghusl or an obligatory one fulfils the other as well.
If he intends to lift both major and minor impurities, or intends “the impurity” without specifying which, or intends an act that is not permissible without both wuḍū and ghusl, the bath suffices for both.
Tayammum replaces any of these whenever necessary, and likewise substitutes for what wuḍū is recommended for, when water cannot be used.