Whoever keeps a vicious dog, a solid-black dog, a lion, a wolf, or any beast of prey, and it destroys something, must pay compensation—unless the person or object harmed had entered the animal’s owner’s house without his permission.
Whoever kindles a fire on his own property1 and, through negligence, allows it to spread to another’s property is liable, unless an unexpected wind2 arose.
Anyone who lies down in a mosque or on a road3, or who places a stone or a clod of mud in the roadway for people to step on, incurs no liability.
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The owner of a non-predatory animal is not liable for whatever it destroys4 in the daytime, whether property or persons are involved. Liability, however, rests with any rider, driver, or leader who is able to control it. If there are several riders, the liability falls on the first, or on the one behind him if he alone is directing the animal5. Should they share control, or if there is only a leader and a driver, they share the liability.
Its owner is liable for what it destroys6 at night if this occurred through his negligence, and the same ruling applies to a borrower, a lessee, or anyone entrusted with guarding it.