The Book of Usurpation
Introduction
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The Book of Usurpation
Usurpation, in customary usage, is the wrongful seizure of another’s property.

The usurper is obliged to return the very item he took, together with any increase or yield it generated, even if restoring it should cost him many times its value.1

If he has fixed a door in place with nails, he must remove it and return it. Should he have sown the land, then after the crops are harvested the owner is entitled only to the rent; before the harvest, however, the owner may choose either to leave the crops where they are in return for rent, or to take possession of them by reimbursing the usurper for his outlays, namely the equivalent of the seed and the value of any subsequent expenses.2

If he planted trees or erected a building on the land, he is compelled to uproot the trees and tear down the building—even if he is one of two partners who acted on the property for his own benefit without his partner’s permission.3

Section
The usurper must also pay compensation for any diminution in the value of the usurped property and for its rental value for the entire period it remained in his possession.

If the property perishes, he must replace fungible goods with an identical substitute, and compensate non-fungibles with their value on the day they were destroyed, calculated in the locality where they were usurped.

With respect to lawful gold or silver jewelry, he is liable for whichever is higher: its market value or its weight. For jewelry that is intrinsically unlawful, liability is assessed by weight alone.