Dalīl al-Ṭālib - Marʿi al-Karmi - (167)

The Book of Loan for Use
The Book of Loan for Use
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The Book of Loan for Use

A loan for use (ʿāriyah) is recommended and may be concluded by any word or deed that indicates it, provided three conditions are met: that the item can be benefited from while it remains intact,1 that the benefit is lawful, and that the lender is qualified to make a gratuitous donation.

The lender may reclaim his loaned property whenever he wishes, so long as this does not harm the borrower.

Thus, if someone lends a ship for transport, land for burial, or land for cultivation, he may not retract the loan until the ship has docked,2 the corpse has decayed, and the crop has been harvested. From the moment he revokes the loan he is entitled to no rent,3 except in the case of the crop.

Section

With regard to drawing benefit, the borrower is like a lessee, except that he may neither lend the item to someone else nor lease it out without the owner’s permission.

Once the borrower takes possession of the loaned item, he is liable for it: for fungible goods he must replace it with its like, and for non-fungibles he must pay its value.

1) In manuscript A, the reading is "baqaʾ ʿayniha" instead of "baqaʾaha". 2) Al-Lubdi notes in his marginalia (p. 221) that the verb is in the passive voice. In al-Mutaliʿ (p. 274) he rules that the correct pronunciation is with a ḍamma on the initial tāʾ, while the sin can take either a fatḥa or a kasra; likewise one may say tarsi with a fatḥa on the tāʾ and a kasra on the sin. This is because Arabic allows the forms rassat al-safina, arsata, and arsaha ghayruha (“the ship came to rest,” “it was made to rest,” “someone else made it rest”). The Quran uses the same root: “wa-l-jibāla arsaha” (An-Naziʿat 79:32). 3) Manuscript A, and likewise N, add the word "lahu" (for him).

كتاب العارية كتاب العارية ... كتاب العارية وهي مستحبة منعقدة بكل قول أو فعل يدل عليها بشروط ثلاثة: كون العين منتفعا بها مع بقائها١ وكون النفع مباحا وكون المعير أهلا للتبرع. وللمعير الرجوع في عاريته أي وقت شاء ما لم يضر بالمستعير. فمن أعار سفينة لحمل أو أرضا لدفن أو زرع لم يرجع حتى ترسي٢ السفينة ويبلى الميت ويحصد الزرع ولا أجرة٣ له منذ رجع إلا في الزرع. فصل والمستعير في استيفاء النفع كالمستأجر إلا أنه لا يعير ولا يؤجر إلا بإذن المالك. وإذا قبض المستعير العارية فهي مضمونة عليه بمثل مثلي وقيمة.

١ في "أ" "بقاء عينها" بدل "بقاءها". ٢ قال اللبدي في الحاشية "ص: ٢٢١": بالبناء للمفعول. وقال في المطلع"ص: ٢٧٤": بضم التاء مع فتح السين وكسرها وترسي: بفتح التاء وكسر السين وذلك أنه يقال: رست السفينة وأرست وأرساها غيرها قال الله تعالى: ﴿وَالْجِبَالَ أَرْسَاهَا﴾ [النازعات:٣٢] ٣ في "أ" زيادة "له" وكذا في "ن".