or a latrine1, a mill, or an oven, and the neighbor may prevent him from doing so.

It is likewise unlawful to make any alteration to a neighbor’s wall2—or to a wall held jointly—by cutting a small window, an aperture, or by driving a peg3 or the like into it without his permission. The same ruling applies to resting beams4 on that wall, unless the roof cannot be completed without them; in that case the neighbor is compelled to allow it if he refuses. One may, however, lean his bundle of goods against the wall, sit in its shade, and take advantage of the light from his neighbor’s lamp without prior permission.

It is forbidden to introduce anything into a public thoroughfare that harms those who pass by, such as projecting a shopfront, a bench, a balcony, an overhead passage (sabat), or a waterspout, and whoever causes damage thereby is liable for the loss.

Equally, it is impermissible to use another person’s property, its airspace, or a cul-de-sac that is not a public way, except with the owners’ consent. A co-owner is obligated to share in the maintenance of jointly owned property, whether private or endowed.

If a partner demolishes a structure out of fear that it may collapse, he bears no liability; otherwise, he must rebuild it. And should one partner5 neglect to erect the garden wall they had agreed upon, he must compensate6 his partner for any fruit lost owing to that negligence.