16
Chapter—Transfer of Debt (ḥawāla)
Its validity hinges on five conditions:
- The two debts must correspond in type1, quality, and in whether they are payable on the spot or deferred.
- The amount of each debt must be precisely known.
- The debt owed by the drawee must already be firmly established; this requirement does not apply to the debt being transferred.
- The subject matter must be of a kind that can lawfully serve as the object of a salam forward-sale.
- Only the consent of the transferor is required, not that of the creditor, so long as the drawee is solvent—that is, able to pay, free from procrastination, and capable of appearing before the court.
Once these conditions are satisfied, the transferor is immediately cleared of the debt2.
(1) Manuscript A reads: “agreement of genus in the two religions.”
(2) Manuscripts A and B read: “al-din”; the same reading appears in M and in N.
باب الحوالة
وشروطها خمسة:.
أحدها: اتفاق الدينين في الجنس١ والصفة والحلول والأجل.
الثاني: علم قدر كل من الدينين.
الثالث: استقرار المال المحال عليه لا المحال به.
الرابع: كونه يصح السلم فيه.
الخامس: رضى المحيل لا المحتال إن كان المحال عليه مليئا وهو من له القدرة على الوفاء وليس مماطلا ويمكن حضوره لمجلس الحكم فمتى توفرت الشروط برئ المحيل من المدين٢ بمجرد.
١ في "أ" "اتفاق الجنس في الدينين".
٢ في "أ" و "ب" "الدين" وكذا في "م" وكذا في "م" و "ن".