Whatever remains of the pledged property continues to stand as security for the whole debt; no portion of it is released until the debt is paid in full.

When the debt falls due, if the pledger has stipulated for the pledgee that, should he fail to bring him his due at maturity1, the pledge will become the pledgee’s own property, such a condition is invalid. Rather, the pledger must either settle the debt, authorize the pledgee to sell the pledged property, or sell it2 himself and pay what he owes. If he refuses, he is imprisoned or disciplined; and if he persists, the judge sells it.

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The pledgee may ride the pledged animal and milk it to the extent of its upkeep costs without the pledger’s permission, even if the pledger is present. He may also make use of it free of charge with the pledger’s permission3, but by using it he becomes liable for it.

The cost of maintaining the pledge, the fee for its storage, and the expense of retrieving it if it escapes are all borne by its owner.

If the pledgee spends on the pledged property without the pledger’s permission while he is able to seek that permission, he is deemed a volunteer.

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Anyone who takes possession of property for his own benefit—such as a pledgee, an employee, a lessee, a buyer, a seller, an usurper, a finder of lost property, a borrower, or a muḍārib (investment partner)—and then claims to have returned it to the owner.