Dalīl al-Ṭālib - Marʿi al-Karmi - (122)

They are required to set themselves apart from us in their attire.1

For us, imitating them is discouraged.2

It is unlawful to stand up for them, to give them places of prominence in gatherings, or to greet them first with phrases such as “Good morning,” “Good evening,” “How are you?” or “How are things?” It is likewise forbidden to congratulate them, to offer them condolences, or to visit them when they are ill.

If someone greets a dhimmī and then discovers that he is one, it is recommended3 that he say, “Return my greeting.”

Should the dhimmī initiate the greeting, it becomes obligatory to reply with, “And upon you.” If a non-Muslim blesses a Muslim who has sneezed, the Muslim answers him.

Shaking his hand is disliked.

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If any member of the protected communities refuses to pay the jizyah, declines the condition of subjugation (ṣaghār), refuses to submit to our rulings,4 commits fornication with a Muslim woman, marries her,5 engages in highway robbery, maligns Allah6 or His Messenger, or assaults a Muslim by killing him or luring him away from his faith,

(1) In manuscript M, the reading is “al-tamyiz” (distinction). (2) Some scholars maintain that it is forbidden; this was the view preferred by Shaykh al-Islam, who stated: “The Prophet’s words, ‘Whoever imitates a people is one of them,’ at the very least require the prohibition of imitation, even though their apparent sense would deem the imitator an unbeliever like them.” Al-Furu (1/360). (3) Manuscript N reads “yusannu” (it is recommended) in the imperfect form. (4) Manuscript M has “ahkamina” (our rulings). (5) Manuscript N reads “bi-ism nikah” (under the name of marriage) instead of “bi-nikah” (by marriage). (6) The word “ta‘ala” (Most High) is absent from manuscript A.

ويلزمهم التميز١ عنا بلبسهم. ويكره لنا التشبه بهم٢. ويحرم القيام لهم وتصديرهم في المجالس وبداءتهم بالسلام بكيف أصبحت أو أمسيت؟ أو كيف أنت أوحالك؟ وتحرم تهنئتهم وتعزيتهم وعيادتهم. ومن سلم على ذمي ثم علمه سن٣ قوله: رد علي سلامي. وإن سلم الذمي لزم رده فيقال: وعليكم وإن شمت كافر مسلما أجابه. وتكره مصافحته. فصل ومن أبى من أهل الذمة بذل الجزية أو أبى الصغار أو أبى التزام أحكمنا٤ أو زنا بمسلمة أو أصابها بنكاح٥ أو قطع الطريق أو ذكر الله تعالى٦ أو رسوله بسوء أو تعدى على مسلم بقتل أو فتنة عن.

١ في "م" "التميز". ٢ قيل: يحرم اختار شيخ الإسلام, وقال: "قوله ﷺ: "من تشبه بقوم فهو منهم" " أقل أحواله أن يقتضي تحريم التشبيه وأن كان ظاهره يقتضي كفر المتشبه بهم. الفروع "١/٣٦٠". ٣ في "ن" "يسن" بصيغة المضارع. ٤ في "م" "أحكامنا". ٥ في "ن" "باسم نكاح" بدل "بنكاح". ٦ قوله: "تعالى" لا يوجد في "أ".