He therefore breaks the fast if he drips something into his ear that reaches the brain, if he medicates a penetrating abdominal wound1 and the remedy reaches his inner cavity, if he applies kohl whose effect he knows will reach his throat, if he chews gum, if he tastes food and the flavor reaches his throat, or if he swallows his saliva after it has reached the space between his lips.

His fast is not broken if he performs any of the nullifying acts out of forgetfulness or under coercion, nor if dust or a fly enters his throat unintentionally, nor if he gathers his saliva2 and then swallows it.

Section

Whoever has intercourse during the daytime in Ramadan—whether vaginal or anal, even with a corpse or an animal—at a time when abstinence is obligatory, whether he was coerced or forgetful, must make up the day and pay the expiation. The same ruling applies to the person upon whom intercourse is performed, if he or she willingly consents while being neither ignorant of the ruling nor forgetful.

The expiation is to free a believing slave; if that is not possible, then to fast two consecutive months; if unable, then to feed sixty needy persons. If he cannot even do that, the obligation3 lapses—unlike other kinds of expiation.

No expiation is due in Ramadan for anything other than intercourse or ejaculation that results from female-female genital rubbing (musāḥaqah).