Ḥijāb al-Marʾah wa-Libāsuhā fī al-ṢalāhIbn Taimiya

This, then, is a prohibition against either looking at or touching the ʿawrah of one’s peer, for such acts are repugnant and indecent in themselves. When it comes to men with women, the ruling is tied to sexual desire, and thus we have two distinct categories.

There is a third category that pertains to the prayer: even if a woman prays alone, she is commanded to wear a khimar (head-covering) 1, whereas outside the prayer she may uncover her head in her own home. Adorning oneself for the prayer is therefore a right owed to Allah. No one is permitted to circumambulate the House naked 2, even if he were alone at night, nor to perform the prayer naked even in solitude. It follows that the requirement to dress properly for prayer is not meant as a barrier from people’s gaze; rather, this is one matter, and that is another.

Accordingly, during prayer a worshipper may cover something he is allowed to expose outside the prayer, and he may expose something during the prayer that he would normally conceal from other men.

As for the first case: an example is the shoulders, for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade a man to pray in

(1) I say: This is based on the Prophet’s statement, “Allah does not accept the prayer of a menstruating woman”—that is, an adult woman—“unless she wears a khimar (head covering).” This is an authentic hadith, as will be noted shortly. In its general wording, it also includes female slaves; therefore, I know of no evidence for restricting the hadith to free women, as the author does on the following page. Rather, it is reported that the Prophet said to a female slave belonging to them, “Cover your head.” I have documented this report in al-Hijab, p. 45. This indicates that a female slave is subject to the same obligation to wear a khimar as a free woman, thereby supporting the general applicability mentioned above. (2) This refers to the hadith cited below, p. 15.
فهذا نهي عن النظر والمس لعورة النظير لما في ذلك من القبح والفحش وأما الرجال مع النساء فلأجل شهوة النكاح فهذان نوعان. وفي الصلاة نوع ثالث فإن المرأة لو صلت وحدها كانت مأمورة بالاختمار١ وفي غير الصلاة يجوز لها كشف رأسها في بيتها فأخذ الزينة في الصلاة لحق الله فليس لأحد أن يطوف بالبيت عريانا٢ ولو كان وحده بالليل ولا يصلي عريانا ولو كان وحده فعلم أن أخذ الزينة في الصلاة لم يكن ليحتجب عن الناس فهذا نوع وهذا نوع. وحينئذ فقد يستر المصلي في الصلاة ما يجوز إبداؤه في غير الصلاة وقد يبدي في الصلاة ما يستره عن الرجال. فالأول: مثل المنكبين فإن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم نهى أن يصلي الرجل في
١ قلت: وذلك لقوله صلى الله عليه وسلم: "لا يقبل الله صلاة حائض" أي بالغة "إلا بخمار". وهو حديث صحيح كما يأتي قريبا وهو بعمومه يشمل الإماء أيضا فتخصيص الحديث بالمرأة الحرة كما سيأتي من المؤلف في الصفحة التالية مما لا أعرف له دليلا. بل قد روي أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال لمولاة لهم: "اختمري" وقد خرجته في "الحجاب" "ص ٤٥" فهذا يدل على أن الأمة كالحرة في وجوب الاختمار فهو يؤيد العموم المشار إليه ٢ يشير إلى الحديث الآتي ص ١٥.

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