Taqrib al-TadmuriyyahIbn al-'Uthaymin

recite—because the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, used to seek refuge when he intended to recite, not after he had finished.
If no sound proof indicates such a shift, the move is invalid and blameworthy, and deserves to be called distortion rather than taʾwīl.
A case in point is Allah’s statement: “The Most Merciful rose over (istawā ʿalā) the Throne” (20:5). Its apparent sense is that Allah exalted Himself above the Throne in a manner befitting His majesty, and that is exactly what is meant. To reinterpret it as “He conquered” or “took possession” is a false and censurable taʾwīl, a distortion of the words from their contexts, because there is no sound evidence to support it.
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Know that Allah has described the Quran as muhkam (precise), as mutashābih (similar), and as partly muhkam and partly mutashābih.

  1. The first description appears in His words: “These are the verses of the Wise Book” (31:2).
  2. The second appears in His words: “Allah has sent down the best discourse, a Book consistent in its likeness” (39:23).
  3. The third appears in His words: “It is He who has sent down to you the Book; in it are verses that are muhkam—they are the foundation of the Book—and others that are mutashābih” (3:7).
    – The ihkām (precision) attributed to the entire Quran means its flawless perfection in wording and meaning: every expression of the Quran is at the pinnacle of clarity, eloquence, and rhetoric, and every meaning it conveys is of the highest rank, the most sublime, and the most beneficial to creation, containing complete truthfulness in its reports and perfect guidance and justice in its rulings, as Allah says: “The Word of your Lord has been fulfilled in truth and in justice” (6:115).
    – The tashābuh (similarity) attributed to the whole Quran refers to its uniform excellence
تقرأ؛ لأن النبي ﷺ كان يستعيذ إذا أراد أن يقرأ لا إذا فرغ من القراءة. وإن لم يدل عليه دليل صحيح كان باطلاً مذموماً، وجديراً بأن يسمى تحريفاً لا تأويلاً. مثال ذلك: قوله تعالى: ﴿الرَّحْمَنُ عَلَى الْعَرْشِ اسْتَوَى﴾ [طه: ٥] . فإن ظاهره أن الله تعالى علا على العرش علواً خاصاً يليق بالله ﷿، وهذا هو المراد، فتأويله إلى أن معناه "استولى" و"ملك" تأويل باطل مذموم، وتحريف للكلم عن مواضعه؛ لأنه ليس عليه دليل صحيح. فصل * اعلم أن الله تعالى وصف القرآن بأنه محكم، وبأنه متشابه، وبأن بعضه محكم وبعضه متشابه. فالأول كقوله تعالى: ﴿تِلْكَ آيَاتُ الْكِتَابِ الْحَكِيمِ﴾ [لقمان: ٢] . والثاني كقوله: ﴿اللَّهُ نَزَّلَ أَحْسَنَ الْحَدِيثِ كِتَاباً مُتَشَابِهاً﴾ [الزمر: ٢٣] . والثالث كقوله: ﴿هُوَ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ مِنْهُ آيَاتٌ مُحْكَمَاتٌ هُنَّ أُمُّ الْكِتَابِ وَأُخَرُ مُتَشَابِهَاتٌ﴾ [آل عمران: ٧] . - فالإحكام الذي وصف به جميع القرآن هو: الإتقان والجودة في اللفظ والمعنى، فألفاظ القرآن كله في أكمل البيان والفصاحة والبلاغة، ومعانيه أكمل المعاني وأجلها وأنفعها للخلق حيث تتضمن كمال الصدق في الأخبار، وكمال الرشد والعدل في الأحكام، كما قال الله تعالى: ﴿وَتَمَّتْ كَلِمَتُ رَبِّكَ صِدْقاً وَعَدْلاً﴾ [الأنعام: ١١٥] . - والتشابه الذي وصف به جميع القرآن هو: تشابه القرآن في الكمال

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