and then twists them into meanings the words never contained.
• His entire act of negation and nullification rests on no knowledge whatsoever; it is born of ignorance and faulty conjecture.
• By denying the attribute of perfection implicit in affirming that He is “in the heaven,” he is driven to concede an attribute of deficiency—because rejecting Divine exaltation inevitably leads to one of two alternatives:
– Either Allah, in His very Essence, is present in every place. Such a claim is the height of misguidance and disbelief, for it necessarily entails either a plurality of creators or the division of His being. It also requires that He be found in places of impurity and filth from which any person of honor recoils, let alone the Creator.
– Or Allah is neither inside the universe nor outside it, neither above nor below, neither connected to it nor separate from it, neither distinct from it nor coexistent with it. These and similar expressions amount to pure negation, and their reality is nothing but a denial of the existence of the Glorious Creator.