alone, as in His words, “So worship Me alone” (29:56).

4. Also among the exclusive acts of worship is taqwa—God-fearing piety practiced in devotion and as a means of drawing near. Allah the Exalted says, “And be conscious of Me alone” (2:41); and He says, “Is it other than Allah that you fear?” (16:52); and He says again, “Is it other than Allah that you fear?” (16:52). He further says, “O you who believe, be mindful of Allah and speak words that are right; He will set your deeds aright for you and forgive you your sins. Whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger has indeed achieved a mighty triumph” (33:70-71).