Taqrib al-Tadmuriyyah - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (115)

Taqrib al-TadmuriyyahIbn al-'Uthaymin

Acts of worship are many:

Prayer and sacrificial slaughter. Allah says, “So pray to your Lord and sacrifice to Him alone” (108:2); and He says, “Say, ‘Indeed, my prayer, my rites of sacrifice, my living and my dying are for Allah, Lord of the worlds. He has no partner. This is what I have been commanded, and I am the first of those who submit’” (6:162-163). Whoever offers prayer to anyone besides Allah is a polytheist, and whoever slaughters an animal for anyone other than Allah—seeking closeness or showing reverence—has likewise committed polytheism.
tawakkul (reliance upon Allah). Allah says, “Put your trust in Allah, if you are believers” (5:23), and He says, “So worship Him and place your trust in Him” (11:123). Because such reliance is an act reserved exclusively for Him, He alone is the One who suffices, as He says, “Whoever puts his trust in Allah, He will be enough for him. Allah will accomplish His purpose” (65:3).

Concerning His words, “O Prophet, Allah is sufficient for you and for those who follow you from the believers” (8:64), the meaning is that Allah is sufficient for you, and Allah is sufficient for those believers who follow you. The phrase “and for those who follow you” is connected to the pronoun “for you” in “sufficient for you,” not to the word “Allah,” as some mistaken people have imagined. Reading it the latter way would corrupt the meaning, for it would imply that Allah and the believers together suffice for the Prophet ﷺ. This is impossible, for the Prophet’s rank is far higher and stronger than that of those who follow him. How, then, could the lesser be sufficient for the greater?
Reverent awe and fear offered as worship and a means of drawing near. Allah says, “That is only Satan who frightens his supporters, so do not fear them; rather, fear Me if you are believers” (3:175). He also says, “So do not fear the people, but fear Me” (5:3); “Do you fear them? Allah is more deserving that you fear Him, if you are believers” (9:13); and “So fear Me alone” (2:40). Thus He has reserved fear for Himself alone, just as He has reserved worship for Himself.

* والعبادة أنواع كثيرة: فمنها الصلاة والذبح، لقوله تعالى: ﴿فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَانْحَرْ﴾ [الكوثر: ٢] . وقوله: ﴿قُلْ إِنَّ صَلاتِي وَنُسُكِي وَمَحْيَايَ وَمَمَاتِي لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، لا شَرِيكَ لَهُ وَبِذَلِكَ أُمِرْتُ وَأَنَا أَوَّلُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٦٢ - ١٦٣] . فمن صلى لغير الله فهو مشرك، ومن ذبح لغير الله تقرباً وتعظيماً فهو مشرك. - ومنها التوكل لقوله تعالى: ﴿وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَتَوَكَّلُوا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ [المائدة: ٢٣] . وقوله: ﴿فَاعْبُدْهُ وَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَيْهِ﴾ [هود: ١٢٣] . ولهذا لما كان التوكل خاصاً به كان وحده هو الحسب كما قال تعالى: ﴿وَمَنْ يَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ فَهُوَ حَسْبُهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بَالِغُ أَمْرِهِ﴾ [الطلاق: ٣] . فأما قوله تعالى: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ حَسْبُكَ اللَّهُ وَمَنِ اتَّبَعَكَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ [الأنفال: ٦٤] . فمعناه أن الله هو حسبك وحسب من اتبعك من المؤمنين فقوله: ﴿وَمَنِ اتَّبَعَكَ﴾ معطوف على الكاف في قوله: ﴿حَسْبُكَ﴾ وليس معطوفاً على ﴿اللَّهُ﴾ كما ظنه بعض الغالطين، فإن هذا يفسد به المعنى إذ يكون المعنى على هذا التقدير: أن الله والمؤمنين حسب النبي ﷺ وهذا باطل، فإن مقام النبي ﷺ أعلى وأقوى من مقام من اتبعه، فكيف يكون الأدنى حسباً للأعلى والأقوى؟! - ومنها الخشية والخوف تعبداً وتقرباً لقوله تعالى: ﴿إِنَّمَا ذَلِكُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ يُخَوِّفُ أَوْلِيَاءَهُ فَلا تَخَافُوهُمْ وَخَافُونِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٧٥] . وقوله: ﴿فَلا تَخْشَوُا النَّاسَ وَاخْشَوْن﴾ [المائدة: ٣] . وقوله: ﴿أَتَخْشَوْنَهُمْ فَاللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَنْ تَخْشَوْهُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ [التوبة: ١٣] وقوله: ﴿فَإِيَّايَ فَارْهَبُونِ﴾ [البقرة: ٤٠] . فجعل الرهبة له وحده كما جعل العبادة له