Taqrib al-Tadmuriyyah - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (112)

Taqrib al-TadmuriyyahIbn al-'Uthaymin

of knowledge—upholding justice. There is no god but He, the All-Mighty, the All-Wise.” (3:18)

This category of tawḥīd was denied by the polytheists among whom the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was sent, as Allah says about them: “Whenever it was said to them, ‘There is no god but Allah,’ they waxed proud and said, ‘Are we really to abandon our gods for a poet who is mad?’” (37:35-36). He also says: “They marvelled that a warner from among themselves had come to them, and the unbelievers said, ‘This is a sorcerer, a liar! Has he made all the gods into one God? This is truly astonishing.’ The leaders among them walked off, saying, ‘Go on your way, and hold fast to your gods; this is clearly a scheme that is intended.’” (38:4-6).

Because they rejected this tawḥīd, the Prophet ﷺ fought them; with Allah’s permission and command he deemed their blood and property lawful and took their women and children captive. Their admission of the oneness of Lordship did not remove them from polytheism, nor did it safeguard their lives or wealth.

The realisation of this category is to worship Allah alone, without partner, according to the law brought by His messengers, as Allah the Exalted says: “So whoever hopes to meet his Lord, let him do righteous deeds and associate none with the worship of his Lord.” (18:110). Whoever does not worship Allah at all is arrogant and devoid of true monotheism; whoever worships Him while worshipping others alongside Him is a polytheist and not a monotheist; and whoever worships Him through practices He has not legislated is an innovator whose monotheism is deficient, for he has made someone a partner with Allah in legislation.
The term “worship” (ʿibādah) is used in two senses:
1. The act of worship itself—the servant’s deed—meaning humble submission to the One worshipped out of love and veneration. These two—love and veneration—are the very foundation of worship: through love one seeks the pleasure of the One worshipped by doing what He commands, and through veneration one flees His wrath by avoiding what He forbids.

الْعِلْمِ قَائِماً بِالْقِسْطِ لا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٨] . * وهذا النوع قد أنكره المشركون الذين بعث فيهم رسول الله ﷺ كما قال الله تعالى عنهم: ﴿إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا إِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ لا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ، وَيَقُولُونَ أَإِنَّا لَتَارِكُو آلِهَتِنَا لِشَاعِرٍ مَجْنُونٍ﴾ [الصافات: ٣٥-٣٦] . وقال تعالى: ﴿وَعَجِبُوا أَنْ جَاءَهُمْ مُنْذِرٌ مِنْهُمْ وَقَالَ الْكَافِرُونَ هَذَا سَاحِرٌ كَذَّابٌ، أَجَعَلَ الْآلِهَةَ إِلَهاً وَاحِداً إِنَّ هَذَا لَشَيْءٌ عُجَابٌ، وَانْطَلَقَ الْمَلَأُ مِنْهُمْ أَنِ امْشُوا وَاصْبِرُوا عَلَى آلِهَتِكُمْ إِنَّ هَذَا لَشَيْءٌ يُرَادُ﴾ [صّ: ٤-٦] . ومن أجل إنكارهم إياه قاتلهم النبي ﷺ واستباح دماءهم وأموالهم وسبي نسائهم وذرياتهم بإذن الله تعالى وأمره، ولم يكن إقرارهم بتوحيد الربوبية مخرجاً لهم عن الشرك، ولا عاصماً لدمائهم وأموالهم. * وتحقيق هذا النوع أن يعبد الله وحده لا شريك له بشرعه الذي جاءت به رسله كما قال الله تعالى: ﴿فَمَنْ كَانَ يَرْجُوا لِقَاءَ رَبِّهِ فَلْيَعْمَلْ عَمَلاً صَالِحاً وَلا يُشْرِكْ بِعِبَادَةِ رَبِّهِ أَحَداً﴾ [الكهف: ١١٠] . فمن لم يعبد الله تعالى فهو مستكبر غير موحد، ومن عبده وعبد غيره فهو مشرك غير موحد، ومن عبده بما لم يشرعه فهو مبتدع ناقص التوحيد حيث جعل لله تعالى شريكاً في التشريع. * والعبادة تطلق على معنيين: أحدهما: التعبد، وهو فعل العابد فتكون بمعنى التذلل للمعبود حباً وتعظيماً. وهذان – أعني الحب والتعظيم – أساس العبادة؛ فبالحب يكون طلب الوصول إلى مرضاة المعبود بفعل ما أمر به، وبالتعظيم يكون الهرب من أسباب غضبه بترك ما نهى عنه.