Taqrib al-Tadmuriyyah - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (107)

Taqrib al-TadmuriyyahIbn al-'Uthaymin

from what He has forbidden, in every age and locale where the Sacred Law is in force.

This is Islam in its universal sense.

On that basis, the followers of the earlier revealed communities were counted as Muslims so long as their own laws remained valid and had not been abrogated, as when Allah recounts Noah’s words to his people: “If you turn away, I have asked no reward of you; my reward rests with Allah alone, and I have been commanded to be one of the Muslims” ⦗10:72⦘. He also says of Abraham: “Abraham was neither a Jew nor a Christian; rather, he was upright, a Muslim, and was not of the polytheists” ⦗3:67⦘, and: “When his Lord said to him, ‘Submit,’ he replied, ‘I have submitted to the Lord of the worlds.’ Abraham enjoined this upon his sons, as did Jacob: ‘My sons, Allah has chosen this religion for you; so do not die except as Muslims’” ⦗2:131–132⦘. About Moses addressing his people, He says: “O my people, if you truly believe in Allah, then put your trust in Him—if you are Muslims” ⦗10:84⦘. Concerning the Torah He says: “We sent down the Torah containing guidance and light; by it the prophets who had submitted judged for the Jews” ⦗5:44⦘. Of the disciples, the followers of Jesus, He says: “When I inspired the disciples, ‘Believe in Me and in My messenger,’ they said, ‘We believe, so bear witness that we are Muslims’” ⦗5:111⦘. And about the Queen of Sheba: “Lord, I have wronged myself, but I now submit, together with Solomon, to Allah, Lord of the worlds” ⦗27:44⦘.

Islam in the specific sense, however, is confined to the law of Muhammad ﷺ. Allah says: “Say: ‘Indeed, my prayer, my sacrifice, my living and my dying are for Allah, Lord of the worlds; He has no partner. That is what I have been commanded, and I am the first of the Muslims’” ⦗6:162–163⦘. And of his nation He says: “He named you Muslims previously and in this Revelation so that the Messenger may be a witness over you” ⦗22:78⦘.

Accordingly, after his commissioning there is no Islam except through following him, for his religion prevails over every other, and his law abrogates all former dispensations.

للمحظور في كل زمان ومكان كانت الشريعة فيه قائمة. وهذا هو الإسلام بالمعنى العام. وعلى هذا يكون أصحاب الملل السابقة مسلمين حين كانت شرائعهم قائمة لم تنسخ كما قال الله تعالى عن نوح وهو يخاطب قومه: ﴿فَإِنْ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ فَمَا سَأَلْتُكُمْ مِنْ أَجْرٍ إِنْ أَجْرِيَ إِلَّا عَلَى اللَّهِ وَأُمِرْتُ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ﴾ [يونس: ٧٢] , وقال عن إبراهيم: ﴿مَا كَانَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ يَهُودِيّاً وَلا نَصْرَانِيّاً وَلَكِنْ كَانَ حَنِيفاً مُسْلِماً وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ﴾ [آل عمران: ٦٧] , وقال أيضاً: ﴿إِذْ قَالَ لَهُ رَبُّهُ أَسْلِمْ قَالَ أَسْلَمْتُ لِرَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، وَوَصَّى بِهَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بَنِيهِ وَيَعْقُوبُ يَا بَنِيَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفَى لَكُمُ الدِّينَ فَلا تَمُوتُنَّ إِلَّا وَأَنْتُمْ مُسْلِمُونَ﴾ [البقرة: ١٣١-١٣٢] , وقال عن موسى في مخاطبته قومه: ﴿يَا قَوْمِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ آمَنْتُمْ بِاللَّهِ فَعَلَيْهِ تَوَكَّلُوا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُسْلِمِينَ﴾ [يونس: ٨٤] , وقال عن التوراة: ﴿إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَا التَّوْرَاةَ فِيهَا هُدىً وَنُورٌ يَحْكُمُ بِهَا النَّبِيُّونَ الَّذِينَ أَسْلَمُوا لِلَّذِينَ هَادُوا﴾ [المائدة: ٤٤] . وقال عن الحواريين أتباع عيسى: ﴿وَإِذْ أَوْحَيْتُ إِلَى الْحَوَارِيِّينَ أَنْ آمِنُوا بِي وَبِرَسُولِي قَالُوا آمَنَّا وَاشْهَدْ بِأَنَّنَا مُسْلِمُونَ﴾ [المائدة: ١١١] . وقال عن ملكة سبأ: ﴿رَبِّ إِنِّي ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي وَأَسْلَمْتُ مَعَ سُلَيْمَانَ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ [النمل: ٤٤] . وأما الإسلام بالمعنى الخاص فيختص بشريعة محمد ﷺ، قال الله تعالى: ﴿قُلْ إِنَّ صَلاتِي وَنُسُكِي وَمَحْيَايَ وَمَمَاتِي لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، لا شَرِيكَ لَهُ وَبِذَلِكَ أُمِرْتُ وَأَنَا أَوَّلُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٦٢ - ١٦٣] . وقال في أمته: ﴿هُوَ سَمَّاكُمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَفِي هَذَا لِيَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ شَهِيداً عَلَيْكُمْ﴾ [الحج: ٧٨] . فلا إسلام بعد بعثته إلا باتباعه، لأن دينه مهيمن على الأديان كلها ظاهر عليها، وشريعته ناسخة للشرائع السابقة كلها.