that same day; rather, any make-up would have to be on a later day.

What supports the construction we have placed upon this report is the narrator’s own remark: “then he had his ghadāʾ (morning meal) brought forward.” In classical Arabic, ghadāʾ refers to the food eaten at the beginning of the day, unlike today’s colloquial usage in which the term is applied to the meal taken midway through the day, just before or after noon—a usage that is of recent origin. Al-Qāmūs states: “al-ghadāʾ: the food of al-ghudwa,” and “taghaddā: he ate at the start of the day.” It also defines al-ghudwa as “early morning, or the time between the dawn prayer and sunrise.” And Allah knows best.