I reply—and Allah alone grants success: Yes, a great many reports have come down to us from the early generations, the Companions and others, which point to the wisdom behind the prohibition: it distracts from the remembrance of Allah, from obedience to Him, and from carrying out the obligatory duties of the Sacred Law. They drew this conclusion from Allah’s own designation of it as “idle talk” (lahw al-ḥadīth) in His words: “And among mankind is he who purchases idle talk so that he may lead others away from the path of Allah without knowledge and takes it in mockery; such people will have a humiliating punishment” (Q 31:6). They further maintained that the verse was revealed concerning singing and the like. I shall mention only those reports whose chains of transmission are sound:
- The first comes from the Qur’an’s interpreter, ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbbās (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: “It was revealed about singing and what resembles it.”¹
(1) I say: This is the sound report from Ibn Abbas. As for the narration transmitted by Juwaybir from him—that the verse was revealed about al-Nadr b. al-Harith, who had purchased a qayna (singing slave-girl) and, whenever he heard of someone inclined toward Islam, would take him to her and say, “Feed him, give him drink, and let her sing for him; this is better than what Muhammad calls you to of prayer, fasting, and fighting at his side” (al-Durr, 5/159)—I maintain that it is extremely weak. Al-Daraqutni and others judged this Juwaybir to be matruk (abandoned).
Likewise weak is what al-Wahidi cites in Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 259: al-Kalbi and Muqatil said that the verse was revealed about al-Nadr b. al-Harith because he would travel as a merchant to Persia, buy the tales of foreigners, recount them to Quraysh, and say, “Muhammad relates to you the stories of Ad and Thamud, whereas I narrate to you the stories of Rustam, Isfandiyar, and the Persian kings.” The people found his stories entertaining and stopped listening to the Quran, so the verse was sent down about them. I say: al-Kalbi and Muqatil are also abandoned and accused of fabrication, and their account contradicts that of Juwaybir. Al-Suyuti attributed a similar report to al-Bayhaqi from Ibn Abbas in Shuab al-Iman, but I have not been able to locate it to examine its chain; I do not consider it sound. Perhaps for this reason Ibn Jarir, Ibn Kathir, and other critical scholars did not mention it. Al-Qurtubi, in fact, hints at its weakness, saying (14/52), “It is said: the verse was revealed about al-Nadr b. al-Harith…,” and al-Zamakhshari had already stated the same (3/210).