al-Faḍl; Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Sulamī dictated it to us; Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī informed us; ʿAbd al-Ṣamad ibn Saʿīd al-Ḥimṣī narrated to us; al-Ḥusayn ibn Khālid narrated to us, from Muḥammad ibn Ziyād, from Mālik, from Nāfiʿ, from Ibn ʿUmar, who said:
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “A pledge is not to be foreclosed.” (1)
ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad informed us; Jaʿfar al-Hamadānī and a group likewise informed us, saying:
Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad informed us; al-Qāsim ibn al-Faḍl informed us; Abū Zayd ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Ḥabīb informed us; Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī the ḥāfiẓ narrated to us; al-Faḍl ibn Aḥmad al-Marwazī— a trustworthy narrator— narrated to us; Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Quhzādh narrated to us; al-Juddī narrated to us; Shuʿbah narrated to us, from ʿAmr ibn Dīnār, who said that Yazīd ibn Juʿdaba narrated to me, from ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Mikhrāq, from Abū Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him):
that the Prophet ﷺ said, “Indeed, Allah created a wind in Paradise seven years after the (first) wind; between you and it lies a gate,”
(1) Ibn ‘Adi records it in al-Kamil 2/366, through the chain of Muhammad b. Ziyad, and remarks: “This ḥadīth is munkar (denounced) with this isnād. Mālik transmitted it only in the Muwattaʾ from al-Zuhri, from Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib, as a statement of the Prophet.” Muhammad b. Ziyad’s reports from reliable transmitters are munkar; I know him only for this ḥadīth, and he is otherwise obscure.
I add: the mursal version appears in the Muwattaʾ 2/728, Book of Judicial Rulings, chapter “What Is Not Permissible in the Foreclosure of a Pledge.”
It is likewise cited mursal from Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib by al-Shāfiʿī (no. 324), al-Bayhaqī 6/39, al-Dāraquṭnī 3/33, and ʿAbd al-Razzāq (no. 15034).
The ḥadīth is also reported mawsūl with Abu Hurayra named in the chain, but all of those routes are weak; the correct verdict is that it is mursal, as affirmed by al-Bayhaqī and others. See Sunan al-Dāraquṭnī 3/32-33; al-Mustadrak 2/51; Sunan al-Bayhaqī 6/40; Ibn Ḥibbān (no. 1123).
Concerning the phrase “lā yughlaqu al-rahn” (the collateral is not foreclosed): Ibn al-Athīr explains that ghalq al-rahn means the pledged property remains with the creditor so that the pledger can no longer redeem it. The ḥadīth therefore rules that the creditor does not acquire ownership of the pledge if the debtor fails to repay; such automatic foreclosure was a practice of the Jāhiliyya (pre-Islamic period).