Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

Tanūjī said: Ibrāhīm ibn al-Ḥasan al-Dīnārī told us, “I heard al-Ḥusayn ibn Abī ʿAlī ibn Muqla relate that al-Rāḍī Billāh cut out his father’s tongue some time before the latter’s death and then killed him by starvation.

The cause of this, he said, was that al-Rāḍī had regretted amputating his hand; he therefore summoned him from prison and offered an apology. After that he would consult him, have him ushered into his private chamber during his drinking sessions, and grew attached to him.

But Ibn Raʾiq raised an uproar. Afraid for his own position, he planted among the caliph’s confidants someone who kept advising that Ibn Muqla should not be allowed near, until the caliph finally declared:

‘My father could write with his left hand in a script scarcely distinguishable from that he penned with his right.’

He (al-Ḥusayn) added, ‘They kept working on al-Rāḍī until he took fright of my father and destroyed him.’

Al-Ṣūlī wrote of him:
If they severed his right hand out of fear of him,
it was his pens they dreaded, not the flashing blades;
No opinion he conceived did they ever cut short—
once he sent it forth, you saw death in beards and throats. (1)

He was born in Shawwal 272 AH and died on the eleventh of Shawwal 328 AH.

There is a dispute as to whether the famed exemplar of handwriting is his work or that of his brother al-Ḥasan. Both were brilliant calligraphers, but the prevailing view is that the script belongs to al-Ḥasan. He was the first to transmit this newly evolved style derived from the Kūfic script. (2)

Ibn al-Najjar records that he was a man of letters and a poet. He visited the ruler of Syria, Sayf al-Dawlah, and copied several volumes for him. (3)

(1) Al-Fakhri, p. 241, quotes the line: “I saw death between the laha and the ghalasim.” The word ghalasim (sing. ghalasma) designates the protruding part of the windpipe. (2) Cf. Subh al-Asha, vol. 3, p. 17. (3) Cf. Muʿjam al-Udabaʾ, vol. 9, pp. 31–32.
قَالَ التَّنُوجِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيْمُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الدِّينَارِي، سَمِعْتُ الحُسَيْن بنَ أَبِي عَلِيّ بن مُقْلَة، يُحَدِّث أَنَّ الرَّاضِي بِاللهِ، قطع لِسَانَ أَبِيْهِ قَبْل مَوْتِه بِمُدَّة، وَقتَلَهُ بِالجوع. وَكَانَ سَبَبُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ الرَّاضِي تندَّم عَلَى قَطْعِ يَدِهِ، وَاسْتدَعَاهُ مِنْ حَبْسِهِ، وَاعْتَذَرَ إِلَيْهِ. وَكَانَ يشَاوره وَيستدعيه فِي خَلْوَتِهِ وَقْتَ الشُّرْبِ، وَأَنِسَ بِهِ. فَقَامَتْ قيَامَةُ ابْنِ رَائِق، وَخَافَ وَدسَّ منْ أَشَارَ عَلَى الخَلِيْفَةِ بِأَنَّ لاَ يُدْنِيه إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَكَانَ أَبِي يَكْتُبُ بِاليُسْرَى خَطّاً لاَ يَكَادُ أَنْ يَفْرُقَ مِنْ خَطّه بِاليُمْنَى. قَالَ: وَمَا زَالُوا بِالرَّاضِي، حَتَّى تخيِّلَ مِنْهُ وَأَهْلَكَه. وَللصولِي فِيْهِ: لَئِنْ قَطَعُوا يُمْنَى يَدَيْهِ لِخَوْفِهِم ... لأَقلاَمه لاَ لِلسُّيوف الصَّوَارِمِ فَمَا قَطَعُوا رأَياً إِذَا مَا أَجَالَه ... رَأَيْتَ المنَايَا فِي اللِّحَى وَالغَلاَصِمِ (١) مَوْلِدُهُ فِي شَوَّالٍ سنَةَ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَسَبْعِيْنَ وَمائَتَيْنِ. وَمَاتَ فِي حَادِي عشر شَوَّال سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ وَعِشْرِيْنَ وَثَلاَثِ مائَةٍ. اختُلِفَ فِيْهِ هَلْ هُوَ صَاحِبُ الخطِّ المنسوبِ أَوْ أَخُوْهُ الحَسَن؟ وَكَانَا بديَعِي الكِتَابَة، وَالظَّاهِرُ أَنَّ الحَسَنَ هُوَ صَاحِبُ الخطِّ. وَكَانَ أَوَّل مَنْ نَقَلَ هَذِهِ الطَّرِيقَةَ المولَّدَة مِنَ القَلَمِ الكُوْفِيّ (٢) . ذكره ابْنُ النَّجَّار، وَكَانَ أَدِيْباً شَاعِراً، وَفَدَ عَلَى مَلِك الشَّامِ سَيْف الدَّوْلَةِ، وَنَسَخَ لَهُ عِدَّة مُجَلَّدَاتٍ (٣) .
(١) في " الفخري ": ٢٤١ " رأيت الردى بين اللها والغلاصم " والغلاصم: مفردها غلصمة وهي الموضع الناتئ في الحلقوم. (٢) انظر " صبح الاعشى ": ٣ / ١٧. (٣) انظر " معجم الأدباء ": ٩ / ٣١ - ٣٢.

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