Siyar Aʿlām al-Nubalāʾ - Shams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi - (15/131)

Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

In 390 AH a vein of gold was discovered in Sijistān (1).

In 391 AH the caliph al-Qādir designated his son al-Ghālib billāh—only nine years old—as heir apparent. He hurried to do so because the preacher al-Wathiq (2) had gone to Khurāsān and forged a document, purportedly from al-Qādir, naming himself successor.

Al-Wathiq then met with certain rulers who honoured him; the Friday sermon was delivered in his name after that of al-Qādir, and he even dispatched an envoy to the caliph informing him of his actions. Al-Qādir consequently declared al-Wathiqī a flagrant sinner, and the man died far from home (3).

Rafidism was openly professed in Damascus in 400 AH. Its deputy governor, Tamṣūlat (4) the Berber, arrested a man in 393 AH, paraded him through the streets on a donkey proclaiming, “This is the punishment of whoever loves Abū Bakr and ʿUmar,” and then executed him (5).

Around the same time the Umayyad claimant Abū Rukwah (6) rose in revolt; many Berbers and Arabs rallied around him. He fought against and cursed al-Ḥākim, whereupon al-Ḥākim dispatched an army of sixteen thousand men. They captured Abū Rukwah and he was killed.

(1) Al-Muntazam, 7:207. (2) He was a descendant of Caliph al-Wathiq bi-Allah; his name was Harun b. Muhammad (d. 232 AH), and he served as Friday preacher. (3) Al-Muntazam, 7:215. (4) Imam al-Dhahabi records the name exactly in this form; al-Kamil, 9:178, spells it with the letter dad, whereas Dhayl Tarikh Dimashq, 58, gives it as “Tazmalt.” (5) Al-Kamil, 9:178. (6) Ibn al-Jawzi notes in Al-Muntazam, 7:233, that he was called Abu Rukwah because he carried a small water-skin on his journeys, following Sufi practice. Additional extracts about him appear in the biography of al-Hakim bi-Amrillah, p. 173. (7) For the story of his uprising, see al-Kamil, 9:197–203.

وَفِي سَنَةِ تِسْعِيْنَ وَثَلاَثِ مائَةٍ ظَهَرَ بسِجِسْتَان معدِنُ الذَّهَب (١) . وَفِي سَنَةِ إِحْدَى وَتِسْعِيْنَ عَقَدَ القَادِرُ بولاَيَةِ العَهْدِ لابْنِهِ الغَالِبِ بِاللهِ، وَهُوَ فِي تِسْعِ سِنِيْنَ، وَعجَّل بِذَلِكَ، لأَن الخَطِيْبَ الوَاثِق (٢) سَارَ إِلَى خُرَاسَانَ، وَافتعل كِتَاباً مِنَ القَادِر بِأَنَّهُ وَلِيُّ عَهْدِهِ. وَاجْتَمَعَ ببَعْضِ المُلُوكِ فَاحْتَرَمَه، وَخطَبَ لَهُ بَعْدَ القَادِر، وَنفَّذ رَسُوْلاً إِلَى القَادِرِ بِمَا فَعَل، فَأَثْبتَ فِسْقِ الوَاثِقِيّ، وَمَاتَ غَرِيْباً (٣) . وَكَانَ الرَّفضُ عَلاَنيَةً بِدِمَشْقَ فِي سَنَةِ أَرْبَعِ مائَة. وَلَقَدْ أَخَذَ نَائِبُهَا تمصُولُت (٤) البَرْبَرِيُّ رَجُلاً فِي سَنَةِ ثَلاَثٍ وَتِسْعِيْنَ وَثَلاَثِ مائَةٍ فطيفَ بِهِ عَلَى حمَارٍ: هَذَا جزَاء مَنْ يُحِبُّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَعمرَ، ثُمَّ قُتِل (٥) . وفِي هَذَا الْحِين ظَهَرَ أَبُو ركْوةَ (٦) الأُمَوِيُّ، وَالتفَّ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ المغَاربَة وَالعَرَب خَلْق، وَحَارَبَ وَلَعَنَ الحَاكِمَ، فَجَهَّزَ الحَاكِمُ لِحَرْبِهِ ستّةَ عشرَ أَلْفاً، فَظفِرُوا بِهِ وَقُتِلَ.

(١) " المنتظم ": ٧ / ٢٠٧. (٢) من ولد الخليفة الواثق بالله، هارون بن محمد، المتوفى سنة / ٢٣٢ / هـ، وكان يلي الخطابة. (٣) " المنتظم ": ٧ / ٢١٥. (٤) هكذا رسمها الامام الذهبي وضبطها، وفي " الكامل ": ٩ / ١٧٨ بالضاد، وفي " ذيل تاريخ دمشق ": ٥٨: طزملت. (٥) " الكامل ": ٩ / ١٧٨. (٦) قال ابن الجوزي في " المنتظم ": ٧ / ٢٣٣: وإنما كني بأبي ركوة لركوة كانت معه في أسفاره، يحملها على مذهب الصوفية ". وستأتي نتف من أخباره في ترجمة الحاكم بأمر الله ص / ١٧٣ / (٧) انظر قصة خروجه في " الكامل ": ٩ / ١٩٧ - ٢٠٣.