Explaining the expression al-kharaj bi-l-dhaman (the yield goes with liability): al-Khattabi states that kharaj means “income and benefit.” Hence, in the Prophet’s maxim “kharaj follows liability,” when the object of sale is something that yields revenue or produce, the owner of the substance—who bears liability for the capital—acquires that revenue by virtue of his liability for the principal. Thus, if a man buys land and cultivates it, livestock and they give birth, a mount and he rides it, or a slave and he employs him, and he later discovers a defect, he may return the corpus without compensating for the benefit already obtained. Had the item perished between the time of sale and rescission, the loss would have been on the purchaser; therefore the profit rightly belongs to him. See Sunan Abi Dawud, 3/777, footnote (2), for the scholars’ various opinions on this point. (1) No biographical entry has been found for Abu Qatadah al-Badri. “Ibn Akhi al-Zuhri,” whose name is Muhammad b. ‘Abd Allah b. Muslim, is reliable but prone to slips, while the remaining transmitters are trustworthy. This report is strengthened by a supporting narration from Ibn ‘Umar, recorded by Ibn Abi al-Dunya in Qada’ al-Hawa’ij, p. 80; Abu Ishaq al-Muzakki in al-Fawa’id al-muntakhaba, 1/147/2; and Ibn ‘Asakir, 11/144/1, through chains that go back to Bakr b. Khunays, from ‘Abd Allah b. Dinar. Ibn Abi al-Dunya’s version attributes it to “one of the Companions,” while the other two specify ‘Abd Allah b. ‘Umar: “It was said: ‘Messenger of Allah, who are the people most beloved to Allah?’ He replied: ‘The most beloved of people to Allah, Mighty and Exalted, are those who are most beneficial to others; and the deeds most beloved to Allah are to bring joy to a Muslim, relieve him of distress, pay off his debt, or dispel his hunger. Walking with a brother to fulfill a need is dearer to me than observing i‘tikaf in this mosque—meaning the mosque of Madinah—for a month. Whoever restrains his anger, Allah will conceal his faults; whoever suppresses his rage, though able to act upon it, Allah will fill his heart with hope on the Day of Resurrection; and whoever walks with his brother concerning a need until it is fulfilled, Allah will make his feet firm on the Day when feet slip. Indeed, bad character spoils deeds just as vinegar spoils honey.’ ” The chain is sound. See also al-Maqasid al-hasanah, pp. 200–201.