whereupon he was imprisoned; afterward he was beaten and died in 284 AH.

Harun placed Badr al-Hamami in charge of Syria. Later, the caliph al-Muktafi sent Muhammad ibn Sulayman al-Katib, and Badr along with others joined him. Harun therefore prepared for war, rebelled against the caliph’s authority, and the two sides clashed. Many were killed on both sides, the strife dragged on, and Harun’s position weakened. His uncles Shayban and ʿAdi, aided by their brother, killed him in Safar 292 AH.

His rule had lasted eight years and a few months, and he was slain while still a young man.

His uncle Shayban, Abū al-Maqānib (1), then took power, but his authority disintegrated within days. The Tulunid dynasty came to an end, and the roughly twenty family members who remained in Egypt were expelled.

9 – al-Qasim ibn ʿUbayd Allah ibn Sulayman al-Harithi, grandson of Wahb ibn Saʿid al-Harithi — the vizier.

He assumed the vizierate for al-Muʿtadid after the death of his father, the great vizier ʿUbayd Allah, in 288 AH. His courage soon became apparent and his grip on power tightened. When al-Muʿtadid died in 289 AH, al-Qasim bore the burdens of the caliphate and secured the oath of allegiance for al-Muktafi. He was oppressive and overbearing; his estates brought him an annual revenue of seven hundred thousand dinars. His rise was due solely to his devoted service to al-Muktafi. A wanton shedder of blood, he annihilated many people, and when he died the populace rejoiced at his demise.