whereas I rolled myself in the dust and then prayed. When we later came to the Prophet ﷺ I told him what had happened. He said, “All that was required of you was this,” whereupon he struck his palms on the ground, blew into them, and wiped his face and hands.

ʿUmar said, “Fear Allah, ʿAmmār.”

ʿAmmār replied, “Commander of the Believers, if you wish—by the right Allah has given you over me—I will never speak about this to anyone.”

Al-Bukhārī related the report (1) through the isnād of Shuʿbah; he then added: “And al-Naḍr narrated it from Shuʿbah, from al-Ḥakam…,” and he mentioned the ḥadith in full.

Thus Ḥusayn—one of the firmly reliable authorities—has provided the connected chain.

Al-Ḥākim said of him: “He is one of the pillars of ḥadith and among the guardians of this discipline. He travelled widely, heard extensively, and authored al-Musnad, al-Abwāb, al-Tārīkh, and al-Kunā, works that were copied throughout the world.”

I say: He was born in one of the teen years after 200 AH.

He heard ḥadith from Isḥāq ibn Rāhawayh, Sahl ibn ʿUthmān, Manṣūr ibn Abī Muzāḥim, ʿAmr ibn Zurārah, al-Ḥusayn ibn al-Ḍaḥḥāk, Surayj ibn Yūnus, Abū Muṣʿab, Abū Maʿmar al-Hudhalī, Abū Bakr ibn Abī Shaybah, Ibrāhīm ibn al-Mundhir al-Ḥizāmī, Muḥammad ibn ʿAbbād al-Makkī, ʿUbaydullāh ibn ʿUmar al-Qawārīrī, Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad al-Shāfiʿī, and their contemporaries in Khurasan, the Two Sanctuaries, and Iraq, and he rose to prominence in this field.

Those who transmitted from him include Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl al-Bukhārī—his own teacher—Zakariyyā ibn Muḥammad ibn Bakkār, Aḥmad Muḥammad ibn ʿUbaydah, Abū Ḥāmid ibn al-Sharqī, Abū al-Faḍl Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Hāshimī, Yaḥyā ibn Muḥammad al-ʿAnbarī, Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Shaybānī, and others.