Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

Abu Sahl said: “We attended the session of the judge Ismaʿil—Musa was with him—and the gathering was packed with people. Muhammad ibn Ghalib entered; when Ismaʿil caught sight of him he said, ‘Come here, Abu Jaʿfar, come,’ and he made room for him beside him on the couch. Once he was seated, Muhammad produced a notebook and said, ‘Judge, look it over,’ and he presented the ḥadith to him.

He asked, ‘Is the whole section written in a single hand?’
‘Yes,’ he replied.
‘Do you see anything in the margin?’
‘No.’
‘Then are you satisfied that this is the master copy?’
‘Indeed, by Allah,’ he answered.
‘So why am I being harmed and rebuked?’ Muhammad retorted.

Musa ibn Harun then cried out, ‘The ḥadith is fabricated!’

Nevertheless, Muhammad ibn Ghalib went ahead and narrated it in the judge’s presence, while the judge remained silent; and Ismaʿil continued to speak of Muhammad ibn Ghalib’s merit and precedence.

In another version (1) al-Daraqutni said: Ismaʿil the judge remarked, ‘People sometimes err in their youth; if you were to leave it alone, it would not harm you.’ He replied, ‘I will not retract what is in my original copy.’

Al-Daraqutni added, ‘People used to fear Tamṭām’s tongue.’

The correct position is that al-Warkani transmitted—with this chain—from ʿImran ibn Husayn, traced back to the Prophet ﷺ: ‘There is no obedience to any created being…’ (2); and immediately afterward al-Abah related, through Yazid al-Raqashi, from Anas: ‘Sūrat Hud has turned my hair gray.’

I say: He died in the month of Ramadan, in the year 283 AH, at the age of ninety.

(1) See Tarikh Baghdad, vol. 3, p. 145. (2) Sound hadith. Reported by Ahmad, Musnad, 4:426, 432, 436; 5:66; by al-Tayalisi, Musnad, nos. 850 and 856; and by al-Hakim, al-Mustadrak, 3:443, who declared it authentic—a verdict endorsed by al-Dhahabi. Compare Majmaʿ al-zawaid, 5:226. Its full wording is: “No obedience is owed to any created being if it entails disobedience to Allah.”
قَالَ أَبُو سَهْل: فحضرنَا مَجْلِس إِسْمَاعِيْل القَاضِي - مُوْسَى عِنْدَهُ - وَالمَجْلِس غَاصّ بِأَهْلِه، فَدَخَلَ مُحَمَّد بن غَالِب، فَلَمَّا بصر بِهِ إِسْمَاعِيْل، قَالَ: إِليّ يَا أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ إِليّ، وَوسع لَهُ مَعَهُ عَلَى السَّرِيْر، فَلَمَّا جلس، أَخرج كِتَاباً، فَقَالَ: أَيُّهَا القَاضِي! تَأَمله، وَعرض عَلَيْهِ الحَدِيْث. وَقَالَ: أَلَيْسَ الْجُزْء كُلّه بِخَط وَاحِد؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: هَلْ تَرَى شَيْئاً عَلَى الحَاشيَة؟ قَالَ: لاَ. قَالَ: فترضَى هَذَا الأَصل؟ قَالَ إِي وَاللهِ. قَالَ: فَلِمَ أَوذَى وَيُنكر عليّ؟ فصَاح مُوْسَى بن هَارُوْنَ، وَقَالَ: الحَدِيْث مَوْضُوْع. قَالَ: فَحَدَّثَ بِهِ مُحَمَّد بن غَالِب بحضرَة القَاضِي، وَهُوَ سَاكت، وَمَا زَالَ القَاضِي يذكر مِنْ فضل مُحَمَّد بن غَالِب وَتقدمه. وفِي رِوَايَة أُخْرَى (١) : قَالَ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ: فَقَالَ إِسْمَاعِيْلُ القَاضِي: رُبَّمَا وَقَعَ الْخَطَأ لِلنَّاس فِي الحدَاثَة، فَلَو تركته لَمْ يضرّك. قَالَ: لاَ أَرجع عَمَّا فِي أُصَلِّي. قَالَ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ: كَانَ يُتَّقَى لِسَانُ تَمْتَام. وَالصَّوَاب: أَنَّ الورْكَانِي حَدَّثَ بِهَذَا الإِسْنَاد عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بنِ حُصَيْن مَرْفُوْعاً: (لاَ طَاعَة لمَخْلُوْق.... (٢)) وَحَدَّثَ عَلَى أَثره الأَبح، عَنْ يَزِيْدَ الرَّقَاشِيّ، عَنْ أَنَس: (شيَّبَتَنِي هود) . قُلْتُ: مَاتَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ، سَنَةَ ثَلاَث وَثَمَانِيْنَ وَمائَتَيْنِ، وَلَهُ تسعُوْنَ عَاماً.
(١) في: تاريخ بغداد: ٣ / ١٤٥. (٢) حديث صحيح. أخرجه أحمد ٤ / ٤٢٦، و٤٣٢ و٤٣٦، و٥ / ٦٦، والطيالسي (٨٥٠) و (٨٥٦) ، والحاكم ٣ / ٤٤٣ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي، وانظر المجمع ٥ / ٢٢٦. ولفظه بتمامه " لا طاعة لمخلوق في معصية الله ".

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